Biological aspects of neuroscience: Developmental 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyDevelopmental neuroscience:1UniversityNone Created by: CanveySamCreated on: 23-05-15 18:51 List the first 4 stages of brain cell development cell birth, cell migration, cell differentiation, cell maturation 1 of 34 List steps 5-8 of brain cell development synaptogenesis, neuronal death, synapse rearrangement, myelination 2 of 34 By ... mths, nearly all of ... billion neurons have been produced (in humans) 7 mths ... 100 billion neurons 3 of 34 The human newborn brain is ... less than an adult in volume/weight a quarter 4 of 34 What makes up the extra weight in an adult brain? 1) Glial cells (up to 30 yrs) 2) synaptogenesis 3) dendritic branching 5 of 34 Nerve cells all start in the ... ... and ... out NEURAL TUBE and MIGRATE out 6 of 34 What cells line the neural tube? Neural STEM cells 7 of 34 Stem cells line the ... ... and the ... Neural tube and ventricles (ventricular zone) 8 of 34 Neural stem cells are special because they .................... They have an extensive capacity for renewal 9 of 34 What do neural stem cells give rise to? Progenitor cells (or precursor cells) 10 of 34 what do progenitor cells turn into? Either neuroblasts or glioblasts 11 of 34 All progenitor cells turn to neuroblasts but some then .............. Some switch to glioblasts 12 of 34 Neuroblasts become neurons, but glioblasts either become ... or ... Astrocytes or Oliogodendrocytes 13 of 34 Neurons migrate from the ... to the ... Migrate from the ventricular zone to the surface of the cortex 14 of 34 Neurons migrate along ................... along perpendicular cells called RADIAL GLIA 15 of 34 Radial glia transform into what in the adult brain? Astrocytes 16 of 34 what do astrocytes do? Provide structural support, nourishment, carry nutrients 17 of 34 What do growth cones do? Crawl forward, dragging AXON behind. 18 of 34 What do growth cones use to drag themselves with? Threads called filopedia 19 of 34 How is the cortex built? From the inside out; the first neurons lay in the deepest layers. 20 of 34 Where do the later neurons go? They push through the layers to the top of the cortex. 21 of 34 Migration: Give an example of disruption to cortical growth? Fetal alcohol syndrome (migration is severely disrupted, leading to phys, cog, emot deficits) ie layers are disorded 22 of 34 What happens in the cell differentiation stage? 5-6 weeks ASYMMETRICAL division 23 of 34 What happens in asymmetrical division? Cell divides: 1 migrates, 1 remains in ventricular zone 24 of 34 Differentiation: How does a cell know what to do? Determined by gestational age at cell division i.e. neurons born at same age migrate to PRESPCIFIED cortical layers 25 of 34 Maturation: Once a neuron is in its final destination, it grows ... and ... axons and dendrites 26 of 34 Maturation: What are two ways "exuberant growth" happens? 1) Divergence and 2) Convegence 27 of 34 Maturation: What is divergence? where one cell makes MORE cells than it does in adult (extra connections will be eliminated) 28 of 34 Maturation: What is convergence? where lots of cells target one cell (but only one connection will remain) 29 of 34 What is synaptogenesis? Axons with growth cones form a synapse with other neurons or tissues 30 of 34 Synaptogenesis: What do target cells do? Release chemical, creating a GRADIENT. Growth cones orient to gradient 31 of 34 What happens during the neuronal death stage? 40-75% neurons die during development. Fail to make optimal synapses. 32 of 34 Synapse rearrangement: what happens if a synapse takes too little TROPHIC FACTOR? Then it will not be stable/dendrite will die 33 of 34 Synapse rearrangement: what is synesthesia? Where stimulation in one pathway (cog/sensory) leads to automatic, involuntary experience in another 34 of 34
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