BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
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- Created on: 30-03-21 15:41
What are Biological Molecules?
Are Polymers made from smaller units called
monomers.
Each biological molecule has specific
monomers.
monomers.
Each biological molecule has specific
monomers.
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What are Biological molecules made of?
Made of atoms that cannot be made
or destroyed.
or destroyed.
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What Molecules are biological molecules?
* Carbohydrates
* Fats (Lipids)
* Proteins
* Fats (Lipids)
* Proteins
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Why do cells needs atoms?
To grow and fix themselves
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Where do cells get atoms, ions or molecules from?
From food or minerals that enters the organism.
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What are Carbohydrates?
Simple soluble sugars or complex
materials like starch and cellulose.
materials like starch and cellulose.
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The sources of Carbohydrates?
Starch - potatoes,bread,maize,rice
Sugars - fruits and vegetables
Sugars - fruits and vegetables
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What are Carbohydrates functions?
It is a source of energy
Used in respiration
Used in respiration
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What is Fats(Lipids)?
Solid form of a group of molecules.
When they are liquid they are known as oils.
When they are liquid they are known as oils.
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Sources of Fats(Lipids)?
Animal fat - meat,milk,cheese,butter
Plant fat - fruits, seeds
Plant fat - fruits, seeds
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Functions of Fats(Lipids)?
Source of energy
Forms cell membranes
Insulation
Forms cell membranes
Insulation
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What is Proteins?
Contribute to the structures of the cells
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Sources of Proteins?
Animals - meat,fish,eggs
Plants - nuts,soy,beans
Plants - nuts,soy,beans
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Functions of Proteins?
Provides amino acids that cells use to build
many things.
many things.
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What are the Chemical Elements
of Carbohydrates?
of Carbohydrates?
C - carbon
O - oxygen
H - hydrogen
O - oxygen
H - hydrogen
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What are the Chemical Elements
of Fats(Lipids)?
of Fats(Lipids)?
C - carbon
O - oxygen
H - hydrogen
O - oxygen
H - hydrogen
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What are the Chemical Elements
of Proteins?
of Proteins?
C - carbon
O - oxygen
H - Hydrogen
N - nitrogen (always)
S - sulphur (sometimes)
P - phosphorus (sometimes)
O - oxygen
H - Hydrogen
N - nitrogen (always)
S - sulphur (sometimes)
P - phosphorus (sometimes)
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What is a Polymer?
Are a biological molecule that can be broken
up into monomers by enzymes
and can be built up again by enzymes.
up into monomers by enzymes
and can be built up again by enzymes.
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What is the reaction called when a polymer is made by adding monomers?
Condensation Polymerisation
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What is also formed when the polymer is
formed?
formed?
water
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What is Hydrolysis?
reaction where polymers are broken using
water.
Hydro = water
lysis = cut(broke)
water.
Hydro = water
lysis = cut(broke)
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Which dietry sources is important for
organisms?
organisms?
Carbohydrates
Fats(Lipids)
Proteins
Vitamins C&D
Mineral salts - Calcium,Iron
Fibre and Water
Fats(Lipids)
Proteins
Vitamins C&D
Mineral salts - Calcium,Iron
Fibre and Water
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What is Vitamins?
Minerals that are inorganic and comes
from the soil.
Made by animals and plants.
from the soil.
Made by animals and plants.
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Why are Vitamins important?
Important catalysts in different kinds
of chemical reactions.
of chemical reactions.
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Sources of Vitamin C?
Cherries
Citrus
Green leafy vegetables
Citrus
Green leafy vegetables
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Sources of Vitamin D?
Dairy
eggs
liver
fish
liver oil
eggs
liver
fish
liver oil
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Name the functions of Vitamin C?
Grows & Repairs tissues
Heals wounds
Boost the immune system
Heals wounds
Boost the immune system
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Name the functions of Vitamin D?
Helps to absorb vit D to maintain
healthy bones.
healthy bones.
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What are Minerals?
Calcium and Iron
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Sources of Calcium mineral?
Milk
cheese
fish
cheese
fish
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Sources of Iron minerals?
Red meat
liver
leafy vegetables
liver
leafy vegetables
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What is the functions of Calcium?
Builds bones
Help blood clotting and muscle contraction
Help blood clotting and muscle contraction
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What are the functions of Iron?
Need to produce haemoglobin
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Why is water important for all living organisms?
Because many substances are able to
dissolve in it.
dissolve in it.
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What function does water have in living
organisms?
organisms?
It dissolved digestive food so that nutrients
can be absorbed into the body.
Toxic substances like urea and salts can
dissolve in water.
The cytoplasm inside cells ensures that
metabolic reactions can happen.
can be absorbed into the body.
Toxic substances like urea and salts can
dissolve in water.
The cytoplasm inside cells ensures that
metabolic reactions can happen.
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Sources of Water?
drinks
food
metabolic reactions
food
metabolic reactions
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What are the functions of water?
Very good solvent
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What is the monomer of Carbohydrates?
Glucose
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What is the monomer of Fats(Lipids)?
Glycerol
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
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What is the monomer of Proteins?
Amino acid
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In What Molecules can Charbohydrates
be combined?
be combined?
Monosaccharides -
Glucose
Disaccharides -
Maltose and sucrose
Polysaccharides -
Glycogen (animals)
Starch cellulose (plants)
Glucose
Disaccharides -
Maltose and sucrose
Polysaccharides -
Glycogen (animals)
Starch cellulose (plants)
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What is a Monosaccharide?
Carbohydrate molecules that is made
of simple sugars
Example: glucose
of simple sugars
Example: glucose
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What is Glucose?
Monosaccharide
Dissolves easily in water
Dissolves easily in water
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What is a Disaccharide?
Two monosaccharides that is stuck together.
Maltose and sucrose
Maltose and sucrose
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What is maltose and sucrose?
Disacharides
Dissolves easily in water
Dissolves easily in water
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What is a Polysaccharide?
Many simple sugars stuck together
Glycogen = animals
Starch cellulose = plants
Glycogen = animals
Starch cellulose = plants
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In what molecules can Fats(Lipids)
be devided?
be devided?
Monomers
glycerols
fatty acids
Triglycerides
1 glycerol
3 fatty acids
glycerols
fatty acids
Triglycerides
1 glycerol
3 fatty acids
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Why is proteins important for living
organisms?
organisms?
Cells to make protein out of 20 amino acids
Helps to make amino acids.
Human body has 20 amino acids.
Helps to make amino acids.
Human body has 20 amino acids.
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What is DNA?
A molecule that contains instructions
to build protein molecules.
to build protein molecules.
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For what does DNA stands?
Deoxyribonucleic
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Out of what parts does the DNA consist of?
Double Helix
2 strands twisted around each other
Base pairs
2 strands that are connected by "rungs"
2 strands twisted around each other
Base pairs
2 strands that are connected by "rungs"
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What are the DNA base pairs?
Molecules that work like "letters" for cells to
"read"
They forms a cross link that keeps the 2 helix
strands together.
Only 4 bases - C,G,A,T
A always with T
C always with G
"read"
They forms a cross link that keeps the 2 helix
strands together.
Only 4 bases - C,G,A,T
A always with T
C always with G
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What is a Gene?
A specific series of base pairs in the DNA
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How are Proteins made?
Are made by Ribosomes in the cells.
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Name the different Proteins?
Enzymes
help chemical reactions work faster
Antibodies
neutralize pathogens like bacteria
Receptors for neurotransmitters
help with communication between neurons
help chemical reactions work faster
Antibodies
neutralize pathogens like bacteria
Receptors for neurotransmitters
help with communication between neurons
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What Cells make Antibodies?
Only make by White blood cells
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What does neurons make?
receptor molecules
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are Biological molecules made of?
Back
Made of atoms that cannot be made
or destroyed.
or destroyed.
Card 3
Front
What Molecules are biological molecules?
Back
Card 4
Front
Why do cells needs atoms?
Back
Card 5
Front
Where do cells get atoms, ions or molecules from?
Back
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