BIOL243 L18 - Approaches to HIV therapy

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  • Created by: Katherine
  • Created on: 29-04-17 17:54
What are the HIV therapy treatments?
Antivirals, prophylaxis and vaccine
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What are the antivirals which treat HIV?
They limit viral replication. E.g. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI) and PProtease inhibitors and combinational therapy.
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What are the prophylaxis treatments for HIV?
Nucleoside RT inhibitor (NRTI) therapy
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What is the possible vaccine for HIV?
Binding and fusion inhibitors?
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Do NRTIs work better individually or in combination?
In combination
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NRTIs
Other nucleoside analogues followed success of AZT (previous lecture) e.g. dideoxyxcytidine (ddc) Zalcitabine and dideoxyinosine (ddi) didanosine
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Non-nucleoside RT inhibitors
Reversible competitive inhibitors of RT that bind close to the polymerase active site e.g. nevirapine (NVP) and delvridine (DLV)
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Protease inhibitors
At least 6 drugs identified that inhibit HIV protease but not mammalian proteases. e.g. sequinavir, ritonavir, indinavir. They block virion maturation, have various problems (low stability, side effects), useful elements of combination therapy
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What is HAART?
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy. Usually comprises of 2 or more RT inhibitors plus a protease inhibiotr.
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What are the pros of HAART
Effective and minimises selection for drug resistance
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What are the cons of HAART?
Expensive, complicated routine (15-20 pills throughout the day) Virus can re-emerge from latent cells if treatment stopep.
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What is PrEP?
Emtricitabine and Tenofovir
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What are the features of PrEP?
Limit vertical transmission of HIV, mother prior to childbirth, following known exposure.
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Who is PrEP for?
People who don't have the diease but beleive that they are at risk to it.
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Properties of HIV that hamper therapy
High error frequency of RT, Two copies of genomic RNA, Integration
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What are the high error frequency of RT caused by?
High mutation rate generates (i) antigenic drift (gp120) and ii resistance to antivirals
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What does the 2 copies of genomic RNA result in?
High recombination frequency generating new combinations of genes.
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What does integration mean?
It is impossible to cure cell of virus - Once the cell is in the nuclei, it might as well always be there.
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What is a viewed as the best long term prospect against HIV?
Vaccine development (A successful SIV vaccine exits)
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What are the problems of vaccine development?
High variability, flexibility and glycosylation of HIV envelope proteins.
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What did the clinical trials of HIV vaccine development show?
Little/no success - Largest phase III clinical trial results in 2009 promising.
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The canarypox virus was engineered to contain...
HIV genes and a recombinant form of HIV's surface protein, gp120
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Card 2

Front

What are the antivirals which treat HIV?

Back

They limit viral replication. E.g. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI) and PProtease inhibitors and combinational therapy.

Card 3

Front

What are the prophylaxis treatments for HIV?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the possible vaccine for HIV?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Do NRTIs work better individually or in combination?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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