Bioenergetics

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  • Created by: SummayaM
  • Created on: 06-03-18 08:21
What is the link between catabolism and anabolism?
ATP
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During what times of the day do photosynthesis and respiration equal one another?
Dawn and Dusk
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What is compensation point?
When rate of photosynthesis is equal to rate of respiration
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Who hypothesized that oxygen in photosynthesis comes from water?
Van Niel
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What was Neil's hypothesis based on?
Bacteria that photosynthesize without releasing oxygen
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What is the reducing power in photosynthesis?
NADPH2
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What number of chloroplasts are present in a leaf?
Half a million per square millimeter of leaf surface
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Each mesophyll cell has how many chloroplasts?
About 20-100
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What do photosynthetic bacteria have in place of chloroplasts?
Unstacked photosynthetic membrane
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What is the wavelength of visible light?
380 to 750 nm
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Which part of the plant absorbs visible light?
Pigments
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What is a spectrophotometer used for?
To measure relative abilities of different pigments to absorb different wavelengths of light
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What is the color of carotenoids?
Yellow and red to orange
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What color are carotenes?
Mostly red to orange
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What color are xanthophylls?
Yellow to orange
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What wavelengths are mostly absorbed by chlorophylls?
Orange-red and ***********
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Which chlorophylls are found in eukaryotic plants and algae?
Chlorophyll a b c and d
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Which wavelengths are least absorbed by chlorophylls?
Yellow, green and indigo
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Which part of chlorophyll is hydrophillic?
The flat head
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Which part of chlorophyll is light absorbing?
Flat head
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What is the structure of chlorophyll head?
Complex porphyrin ring
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What is a porphyrin ring?
4 joined smaller pyrrole rings composed of carbon and nitrogen atoms
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What is present in the center of the porphyrin ring?
A magnesium atom coordinated with the nitrogen of each pyrrole ring
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What does magnesium deficiency cause in plants?
Yellowing
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Name another porphyrin ring in the human body?
Haem group
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What is the formula of phytol?
C20H39
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What is the difference between chlorophyll a and b?
The methyl group in chlorophyll a is replaced by a terminal carbonyl group in chlorophyll b
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What is the molecular formula of chlorophyll a?
C55H72O5N4Mg
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What is the molecular formula of chlorophyll b?
C55H70O6N4Mg
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What is the difference in color between chlorophyll a and b?
A is blue green and b is yellow green
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Which chlorophyll is most abundant?
Chlorophyll a
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Chlorophylls are soluble in which medium?
Organic
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What wavelength is absorbed by carotenoids?
Blue-violet
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What percentage of light is absorbed by the leaf surface?
1
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What are the two absorption peaks for chlorophylls?
670 nm and 430 nm
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Who first obtained an action spectrum?
TW Engelmann
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What are the differences between peaks of action and absorption spectrum?
The peaks of action spectrum are broader and the valley is narrower and not as deep
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With equal intensities of light, which light has more photosynthesis?
Red over blue
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What percent of total photosynthesis is caused by terrestrial plants?
10 percent
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What percent of leaf surface is covered by stomata?
1-2
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What regulates opening and closing of stomata?
Guard cells
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Is there an internal clock in guard cells?
Yes
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What is reduced in photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide
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What is oxidized in photosynthesis?
Oxygen
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What is the assimilating power in photosynthesis?
ATP
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What are photosystems?
Clusters of photosynthetic pigments
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How is energy transferred from one pigment to the other?
By resonance
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What is the function of the antenna complex?
To gather light
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The reaction center has which pigment?
One or more molecules of chlorophyll a and an electron acceptor
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Where is light energy converted into chemical energy?
Reaction center
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What is another name for photosystem 1?
P700
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What is another name for photosystem 2?
680
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What is the most common type of electron transport?
Non cyclic photophosphorylation
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What happens to chlorophyll when it transfers the electron to the acceptor?
It becomes a strong oxidizing agent
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What is the sequence of electron carries from PS2 to PS1?
Plastoquinone to a complex of two cytochromes to plastocyanin
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What is plastocyanin?
A copper containing protein
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What is ferredoxin?
An iron containing protein
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Which enzyme acts on ferredoxin?
NADP Reductase
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Which has higher energy PS1 or PS2?
PS1
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How many electrons are required to release NADP+
2
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What stimulates a shift from non cyclic to cyclic electron flow?
Decrease in ATP, accumulation of NADPH
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Which electron carrier is not used in cyclic electron flow?
Plastoquinone
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One CO2 molecule requires how many NADPH and ATP?
2 and 3
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RUBP has how many carbons?
5
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What is the most abundant protein in the world?
Rubisco
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What is formed when the unstable six carbon compound breaks in Calvin cycle?
3 phosphoglycerate
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What is another name for 3 phosphoglycerate?
Phosphoglyceric acid PGA
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What is another name for calvin cycle?
C3 cycle
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What is the PGA transformed into?
1,3 bisphosphoglycerate
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How is PGA transformed into 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate?
By receiving an additional phosphate from ATP?
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What is 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate reduced to?
Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (G3P)
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How many molecules of G3P are used for glucose manufacture?
1 out of 6
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What is the formula of pyruvic acid?
C3H4O3
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What respiration reaction occurs in all cells?
Glycolysis
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What percentage of energy is gained during anaerobic respiration?
2 percent
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Card 2

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During what times of the day do photosynthesis and respiration equal one another?

Back

Dawn and Dusk

Card 3

Front

What is compensation point?

Back

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Card 4

Front

Who hypothesized that oxygen in photosynthesis comes from water?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was Neil's hypothesis based on?

Back

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