Biodiversity

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What are the physical factors affecting habitat biodiversity?
Soil/ temperature range
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What are the biotic (living) factors affecting habitat diversity?
availability of food/ presence of predators
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Define Biodiversity
Biodiversity is about the structural and functional variety of the living world
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Give examples of the types of habitats found in the UK.
Meadow/ woodlands/ streams/ sand dunes/ salt marshes/ mudflats
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Define species richness
The number of different species living in a particular area
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Define species eveness
A measure of the relative abundance of each species within a particular area
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Define genetic biodiversity
The variety of alleles/genes that make up a species or a population of a species
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What are the advantages of large genetic diversity within a species?
1) better adaptation to a changing climate or envrionment 2) more likely to result in organisms who are resistant to disease
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Despite covering only 1% of the marine floor, what % of marine species do coral reefs support?
25%
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What is stratified sampling? (in terms of analysing an area's biodiversity)
Dividing an area into its different habitats for separate sampling
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What is systematic sampling?
Sampling at regular intervals along a transect.
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What is systematic sampling useful for?
When you want to measure a change in an area?
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Name four ways of sampling animals.
Longworth trap/ Sweep netting/ pitfall trap/ mark,release,recapture
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What signs might animals leave behind?
droppings/ Owls deposit pellets of undigested food/ burrows/ deer damge the bark of trees in a particular way
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What is a high level of biodiversity according to the Simpson's Index of Biodiversity?
over 0.6
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How is wind speed measured?
using an anemometer (units= metres per second)
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What factors affect genetic diversity?
Mutations/Interbreeding/Selective breeding/Captive breeding programmes/Rare breeds
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What are the key human factors affecting biodiversity?
Human population growth/ Agriculture(monoculture)/ Cliamte change
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What are the positive effects of climate change for agriculture?
Longer growing seasons/ higher CO2 levels for photosynthesis/higher growth rates/ crops from southern europe e.g. olives, nuts, tomatoes may be grown in Britain
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What are the economic reasons for maintaining biodiversity?
materials e.g. hardwood timber/undiscoevered economic potential e.g. cures for diseases/ protection against nautral disasters/Tourism/potential for manufacture/selective breeding of plants
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What are the ecological reasons for maintaining biodiversity?
Interdepence of ecosystems and the potential affects of dispruption to food chains and nutrient cycles with loss of biodiversity/Keystone species
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What is a keystone species?
A species with a disproporttionately large effect on the ecosystem based on its population size
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Give examples of everday products that genetic resources provide us with.
Food+drink/clothing/Drugs/fuels/other materials such as wood and rubber
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What are the aesthetic reasons for maintaining biodiversity?
Can help reduce stress/ help people recover quicker from illness/ generally enrich our lives
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Give three examples of in-situ conservation
Wildlife reserves/hunting bans/marine reserves
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What are 4 disadvantages of in-situ conservation?
Area can act as a 'honeypot' for poachers and ecotourists/conditions which caused the species to become threatened in the 1st place may still be present/nutrition difficult to manage/population might have lost much of its genetic diversity
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What are the 2 main advantages of ex-situ conservation?
Genetic diversity of population can be measured and medical assistance given/organisms protected from poaching and predation
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What are the disadvantages of ex-situ animal conservation?
Animals might not behave as normal/reproduction difficult/likely to have limited genetic diversity/if released may find it hard to find food+avoid predation/wild population might not accept them/environmental conditions difficult to control
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What are the disadvantages of ex-situ plant conservation?
seeds stored for a long time might not be viable/seeds may not succeed if planted in new area/collected seeds might not fully represent the genetic diversity of the area/ less funding+ support from public
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What is a polymorphic gene locus?
A locus which has more than two alleles for a particular gene
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What does CITES stand for?
the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild fauna and flora
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In what ways do humans damage the envrionment?
Habitat loss/over-exploitation of the envrionment/pollution-water and air
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Why is ex-situ conservation of plants easier than that of animals
most plants naturally have a dormant stage-seed/seeds can be colletced with minimal disturbance/can often be bred asexually/can increase population very rapidly through tissue culture providing plants for research purposes too
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What is the overall aim of CITES?
ensure that international trade in speciemens of wildlife doesn't threaten their survival
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How does the CITES agreement help to conserve species?
Limiting trade through liscensing/making it illegal to trade products from endangered species/raise awareness of biodiversity threats through education.
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What is another name for the Rio convention on biological diversity?
The Earth Summit
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What are the aims of the Rio Convention?
Conservation of biodiversity/sustainable use of its components/appropriate shared access to gentic resource+scientific knowledge and tech/fair+ equitable sharing of the benefits of the utilisation of genetic resource.
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What it the Simpson's Index of Biodiversity?
A compound measure of biodiversity whuch takes into account both species richness and species eveness
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When using a pooter, how come you don't end up sucking the insects into your mouth?
there is a filter over the mouth piece
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Within the CITES agreement what are the trade limitations associated with appendices 1,2 and 3?
A1) trade only permitted in exceptional circumstances A2) trade controlled to avoid utilisation incompatible with survival A3) trade only if appropriate document obtained and presented for clearance
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Within the CITES agreement-why is the frequent changing of which species come under which appendix a problem?
creates confusion and is harder to convict illegal trading as people can claim they were unaware of which appendix an animal was on
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What does the Environmental Stewardship scheme do?
provides funding to farmers/other land managers to help them conserve, enhance and promote the countryside
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the biotic (living) factors affecting habitat diversity?

Back

availability of food/ presence of predators

Card 3

Front

Define Biodiversity

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Give examples of the types of habitats found in the UK.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define species richness

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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