A group of individual organisms very similar in appearance, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and genetics, whose numbers are able to interbreed freely to produce fertile offspring.
Species
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A place where an organism lives
Habitat
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The variety of life- the range of living organisms to be found.
Biodiversity
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Studying a small part of the habitat and assuming it contains a representative set of species that can be applied to the whole habitat. Te sample sites much be chosen at random.
Random sampling
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A square frame used to define the size of the sample area.
Quadrat
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A line taken across a habitat. E.g. stretch a long rope or tape measure across the habitat and take samples along the line.
Transect
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Technique of catching animals. Involves walking through the habitat with a stout net.
Sweep netting
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Spread a white sheet out under a branch, and knock the branch with a stout stick, causing small animals to drop onto the sheet.
Collecting from trees
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This is a trap that is set in the soil to catch small animals. Consists of a small container buried in the soil so that its rim is just below the surface, so that animals can fall in.
Pitfall trap
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Device for collecting small animals from leaf litter. Place the leaf litter in a funnel. The light above the litter drives the animals downwards as the litter dries out and warms up. They fall though the mesh screen to be collected in the jar.
Tullgren Funnel
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To collect flying insects. Consists of ultraviolet light that attracts the insects. The trap may have a collecting jar, or egg boxes for the moths to settle on. The moths can be identified, counted and released unharmed.
Light trap
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The number of species found in a habitat
Species richness
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Measure of the relative numbers or ABUNDANCE of individuals in each species.
Species evenness
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Formula used to measure the diversity of a habitat.
Simpson's diversity index
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The presence of variety- of differences between individuals
Variation
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Caused by differences between the genes and the combinations of genes or alleles
Genetic variation
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Variation in which there is a full range of intermediate PHENOTYPES between two extremes.
Continuous variation
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Variation in which there is discrete groups of phenotypes with no or very few individuals between them
Discontinuous variation
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One cause of variation that is inherited
Genetic
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One cause of variation that would cause an over fed pet to become obese.
Environment
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When a species ceases to exist
Extinction
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Sum of total and variety of all the genes in a population or species at a given time
Gene pool
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Species to be unable to adapt to the changes in temperature and rainfall in the area that they live in. This changes are a result of...
Climate change
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Conservation which means conserving a species in its normal environment
in situ
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Conservation which means conserving an endangered species by activities that take place outside its normal environment.
ex situ
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A place where an organism lives
Back
Habitat
Card 3
Front
The variety of life- the range of living organisms to be found.
Back
Card 4
Front
Studying a small part of the habitat and assuming it contains a representative set of species that can be applied to the whole habitat. Te sample sites much be chosen at random.
Back
Card 5
Front
A square frame used to define the size of the sample area.
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