BIO211 L9

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  • Created by: Katherine
  • Created on: 15-04-17 16:01
What are the different elements that fit in a signal transduction cascade?
Signal, perception, transduction, response
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What are the different types of cel lto cell signallng?
Endocrine, paracrine and autocrine
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What is endocrine signalling?
Long range, blood borne hormones
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What is paracrine sginalling?
Short range, localised action growth factors and cytokines
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What is autocrine signalling?
Signalling in the cell cell, growth factors and cytokines
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What are types of extracellular mediators?
Hormones, growth factors and steroid hormone
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What is a G protein coupled receptor?
A super family of receptors with a concerved
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What are the features of GPCRs?
7 transmembrane alpha helixes, 4 cytosolic domains
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Why are the ctosolic domains important?
The C3 and the c4 are parts of the receptor that allow them to interact with downstream signalling elements.
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Give an example of an enzyme with intrinsic enzymic activity?
Receptor tyrosine kinases
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Give an example of ion channel receptors?
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (Na+ channel)
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What do ion channel receptors do?
They are channels that will bind an extracellular ligand
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What is a second messenger?
Intracellular metabolite or ion which couples an extracellular stimulus to a physiological response
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What makes a second messenger?
It must be a small molecule, mechanism for inducing rapid alterations in concentration (both formation and breakdown), controlled by and extracellular stimuli, must regulate either an enzyme activity or protein function, involve specific interactions
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What are the 4 most common second messengers?
cAMP, cGMP, DAG, IP3,
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What produces cAMP and CGMP?
AMP, GMP and ATP and the get cyclised (you modify the molecule.)
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Give an example of lipid derived messengers:
DAG and IP3
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What does cyclic AMP do?
It activates protein kinase A (PKA). PKA activation modulates pathways to decrease of increase pathways such as increase lipid breakdown or decrease glycogen synthesis.
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What does cyclic GMP target?
Protein kinase G (PKG). PKG opens cation channels in rod cells
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What is 1,2 Diacylglycerol (DAG)
Activates protein kinase C (PKC). This
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What is IP3?
It opens Ca2+ channels in the endoplasmic reticulum. It activates Ca+ dependent kinases
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Why are calcium ions important?
They are important second messengers
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What are kinases?
They phosphorylate things.
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What do you get if you phosphorylate tyrosine?
Phosphotyrosine (tyrosine phosphate)
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What do you get if you phosphorylate threonine?
phosphothreonine (threonine phosphate)
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What do you get if you phosphorylate serine?
Phosphoserine (serine phosphate)
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What does Epinephrine do?
It brings about an increase in our second messenger
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How does amplicification work?
adenyly cyclae creates cAMP (lots of), which produce many protein kinase A. Protein kinase A will phosphorylate downstream proteins. Activated enzymes active a downstream effecto. At each of the s
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the different types of cel lto cell signallng?

Back

Endocrine, paracrine and autocrine

Card 3

Front

What is endocrine signalling?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is paracrine sginalling?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is autocrine signalling?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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