something that is defined by society and that changes according to time and place.
3 of 42
Animism
early form of religion that sees humans, plants, and animals as having spirits or souls.
4 of 42
Objective
free from bias or subjectivity; based on fact, not emotions
5 of 42
Subjective
Biased; based on personal views or feelings.
6 of 42
Rationalism
the view that knowledge must be based on reason.
7 of 42
Relativism
the idea that all forms of knowledge are of equal status.
8 of 42
Natural selection
Darwin’s theory of evolution of the survival of those organisms best suited to their environment.
9 of 42
Paradigm
mode of viewing the world which underlies the theories and methodology of science in a particular period in history.
10 of 42
New Age
a broad movement in Western culture that emphasises the individual’s responsibility for their own spiritual development.
11 of 42
Holistic milieu
the climate of New Age activities
12 of 42
Collective conscience
a set of values and moral attitudes shared by everyone in a society.
13 of 42
Totemism
the worship of an object or animal that has a divine significance
14 of 42
Anomie
a state of normlessness
15 of 42
Civil religion
a secular religion that unites people in multi-faith societies by instilling a spiritual patriotism
16 of 42
Social control
keeping the population in line
17 of 42
Ideological apparatus
a mechanism for promoting the views and interests of the ruling class.
18 of 42
False consciousness
the illusion instilled into the working class that the capitalist system is fair for everyone in society.
19 of 42
Hegemony
the ideological control that the ruling-class elite have over the masses.
20 of 42
Patriarchal ideology
the universal system of male domination over women.
21 of 42
Ethnocentric
seeing your own culture as superior to others, and using it to judge different norms and values unfavourably.
22 of 42
Theodicy of privilege or non-privilege
a religious explanation of social inequality
23 of 42
Caste system
- a class structure based on Hinduism, where a person’s status is fixed at birth according to the family’s social position. Social promotion and demotion is through reincarnation, depending on the person’s behaviour in this life.
24 of 42
DIY cocktail
a personalised religion comprised of aspects of different faiths.
25 of 42
Universe of meaning
the collection of shared meanings that make up social reality.
26 of 42
Plausibility structure
the social basis for the continuation of society.
27 of 42
Church
- a large, formal religious organisation most commonly associated with Christianity
28 of 42
Denominations
smaller, formal religious groups.
29 of 42
Sect
small religious group, often hostile to the outside world
30 of 42
Charismatic leader
someone who leads a sect because of their powerful personality
31 of 42
Cults
spiritual association that emphasise individualism
32 of 42
New religious movements
a way of classifying religious groups based on their relationship with the outside world.
33 of 42
New Age movements
an array of hybrid mystical cults that have emerged since the 1980’s.
34 of 42
Conservative
preserving the existing way of life.
35 of 42
Social solidarity
the cohesion needed to make society work effectively.
36 of 42
Status quo
the way things are in society
37 of 42
Wage slaves
Marx’s term for the working classes, who are forced to sell their labour in order to make a living.
38 of 42
Utopia
a perfect place
39 of 42
Classless communism
a society in which there is no hierarchal structure and resources shared out equally.
40 of 42
Liberation theology
Christian teachings and beliefs that emphasise the church’s duty to help free the people from all types of oppression
41 of 42
Apartheid
the system of racial segregation in South Africa which led to discrimination against the black population.
42 of 42
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
worldly, not sacred
Back
Secular
Card 3
Front
something that is defined by society and that changes according to time and place.
Back
Card 4
Front
early form of religion that sees humans, plants, and animals as having spirits or souls.
Back
Card 5
Front
free from bias or subjectivity; based on fact, not emotions
Comments
No comments have yet been made