behaviourist approach

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  • Created by: boogluvr
  • Created on: 13-06-21 18:35
what is the behaviourist approach
that only observable behaviour can, and therefore should, be investigated, as it cannot be known what is happening in ‘the mind’.
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what is classical conditioning?
the idea that learning takes place through association
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how did Pavlov demonstrate classical conditioning?
when he presented an unconditoned stimulus (food) next to a neutral simulus (ringing a bell), the dogs salivated (unconditioned response) at being presented with the food.
Once the unconditioned and neutral stimulus were paired a few times, the dog saliv
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what is operant conditioning?
the idea that learning takes place through rewards and punishments.
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what is positive reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement is when a reward is given in response to a behaviour, making that behaviour more likely to be repeated
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what is negative reinforcement?
Negative reinforcement is when something unpleasant is avoided in response to a behaviour, making that behaviour more likely to be repeated
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how did Skinner test operant conditioning?
-In the ‘Skinner Box’, rats were placed in a box with a lever, light, and electrified floor.
- If the rat pressed the leaver when the light was off, it would receive a shock, and if it pressed the leaver when the light was on, it received a food pellet.
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what is social learning theory
a theory of learning process and social behavior which proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others
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what is vicarious reinforcement?
- learning through watching someone else being rewarded or punished for a behaviour.
- the person then learns indirectly that such behaviours are worth (or not worth) repeating.
- possibly imitating the behaviour witnessed.
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what are Bandura's 4 mediational processes?
1. attention (noticing a behaviour)
2. retention (being able to remember it)
3. motor reproduction (the ability to imitate the action)
4. motivation (the desire to imitate the action, linked to the perceived likelihood of reward or punishment)
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how did bandura demonstrate this?
Bandura’s Bobo doll study
- children were shown a film of an adult attacking a Bobo doll, then copied the aggressive actions when placed in a room with the same doll.
- Children who did not witness aggression did not show any aggression.
- In a variation
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what is identification
associating with the qualities, characteristics and views of specific role models who possess qualities that individuals would like for themselves. When a learner identifies with a role model, they will remember their behaviour and may imitate.
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what is modelling
When a person performs a behaviour and is seen by another person, they are modelling the behaviour for them. If the people who are observing the behaviour judge that the other person should be their role model, they identify with them.
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what is imitation
Imitation is copying or reproducing behaviour that has been learned through observation.
- When they do this, learners make a judgement about whether it is the right situation in which to reproduce it and whether they are likely to be successful in perfo
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what is meat by a mediational process
mental factors that mediate or 'intervene' in the learning process to determine whether a new response s aquired
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strength of SLT
Research support - bandura study
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weakness of SLT
Ethics – the supporting research by Bandura is unethical – explain why,
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what is classical conditioning?

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the idea that learning takes place through association

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how did Pavlov demonstrate classical conditioning?

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Card 4

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what is operant conditioning?

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Card 5

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what is positive reinforcement?

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