A condition that impair the normal functioning of an organism
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What are the causes for diseases?
Infected by a pathogen , affected by environmental conditions
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What are types of pathogens ?
Bacteria , virus ,protists ,fungi
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What is a communicable disease ?
It can be spread between organisms , caused by pathogens which infect an organism .
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What is a non communicable disease ?
They cannot be passed on , such as cancers , diabetes .
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What is bacteria ?
Very small cells which can reproduce rapidly , they produce toxins which make you feel ill by damaging cells and tissues .
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What is a virus ?
They are very small non cells which replicate themselves inside the infected organism cells, they then burst .
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What are protests ?
They’re eukaryotic usually single celled that often cause diseases .
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What is fungi?
Fungi are thread like structures called hyphae , both single celled and with a body . The hyphae can grow and penetrate through human skin and the surface of plants causing diseases .
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How does water spread diseases ?
Pathogens can be picked up by drinking or bathing in dirty water . Example cholera.
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How does air spread diseases ?
Diseases can be spread through spores that are blown between plants in the wind .
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airborne .
Pathogens can be carried in droplets produced when you cough, sneeze which people then breathe in .
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Contact
An example , tobacco mosaic disease affects species like tomatoes which makes the leaves mouldy and discoloured meaning the plant can’t photosynthesis as well so it affects the growth.when healthy leaves rub and aids infected they become infected.
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Body fluids
Blood , sharing needles , breast milk , semen.
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Animal vectors
Eg malaria infects animals by inserting a protist into blood vessels .
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Food
Eg samolnella , bacteria found in raw meat .
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Social and economic factors that increase communicable disease?
When lots of people live crowded , it’s easier for pathogens to be passed on . Poor diet , limited access to health care , good education .
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How can diseases be prevented ?
Being hygienic , destroying vectors, Isolating infected individuals, vaccination .
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How can diseases be prevented in plants ?
Regulating movement of plant material , destroying infected plants , crop rotation , chemical control- fungicides, biological control- dipping routs into bacteria , produces antibiotic .
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What physical defences do plants have against pathogens ?
A waxy cuticle - stops pathogens entering , cell walls - form a physical barrier . Chemical barriers - plants produce anti microbial which kill pathogens or inhabit their growth .
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How can diseases be detected in the field ?
Through observation .
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What is the Elisa test ?
Antibodies for the pathogens are used , they have enzymes attached which react with substrate causing a colour change , the antibodies are added then washed off if they bind to anything then an antigen is present .
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What is the pcr ?
You’re able to see if the dna of the pathogen is present .
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the causes for diseases?
Back
Infected by a pathogen , affected by environmental conditions
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