B5 flashcards
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- Created by: sarah_miller_05
- Created on: 12-05-19 14:55
What is a pathogen?
A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause disease.
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Name the 4 types of pathogen
Bacteria, fungi, protists, and virus
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Name a disease from a virus
HIV
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Name a disease from a protist
Maleria
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Name a disease from a fungi
Athletes foot
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Name a disease from a bacteria
Cholera
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What is an antibiotic?
Is a chemical which can kill or inhibit bacteria or fungi, but not viruses.
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What is antibiotic resistance?
The antibiotics used to destroy certain bacteria no longer work because the bacteria have changed or mutated.
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How do u make monoclonal antibodies?
1. Inject a mouse with an antigen of a cancer cell
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Step 2
2. Take the antibody producing cells and isolate them
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Step 3
3. The cells producing the correct antibody are mixed with tumor cells so they can reproduce quickly.
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Step 4
4. A hybridomas cell is formed, and it is screened.
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Step 5
5. They are then cloned and monoclonal antibodies are produced.
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What is health?
How well you are, and how well your body works
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What is disease?
Something that can cause you to be ill, could be long term. It stops you functioning normally.
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What is the difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases?
Communicable diseases can be spread directly, non-communicable diseases can't
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Examples of communicable diseases
Flu, Ebola, HIV, etc.
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Examples of non-communicable diseases
Cancer, asthma, autism, etc.
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What can you get from Vitamin C deficiencies?
Scurvy
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What can you get from Vitamin D and Calcium deficiencies?
Rickets
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What can you get from protein deficiencies?
Kwashiorkor
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What can you get from Iron deficiencies?
Anemia
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What are 2 ways to measure how healthy you are?
BMI, hip to waist ratio
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What can too much alcohol do to the liver?
Cause cirrhosis of the liver
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What cause a heart attack?
Blocked arteries on the heart, lack of blood, lack of oxygen
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How can it be treated?
Stent, bypass
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How is a bacteria spread?
Through the air
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How is a virus spread?
Through the air
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How is a fungi spread?
Through direct contact
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How is a protist spread?
Through the mixing of bodily fluids
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What can antibiotics not fix?
Viral infections
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Why should you always take antibiotics for the correct length of time?
So you don't get antibiotic immunity
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What is a vector?
Something that carries a pathogen
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What is the lytic cycle?
Virus attaches to a host cell, inserts DNA, parts assemble, the virus breaks out, breaks host cell and is repeated.
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What is the lysogenic cycle?
Virus attaches to host cell, inserts DNA, stays in cell so when cell replicates so does the DNA, it assembles, breaks host cell, repeats process.
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What are some plant defenses (physical)?
Bark, waxy cuticle, thorns and spines, thick cell wall
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What are some plant defenses (chemical)?
Nettles, acids, poisons, toxins
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How to prevent the spread of STIs?
Use protection, e.g condoms
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What is a vaccine?
A weakened or inactive form of a pathogen
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What does a vaccine do?
Inserts weak pathogen which is fought off by white blood using antibodies, then it leaves memory lymphocytes, so when the real thing comes the lymphocytes can recognize and destroy the antigens quickly.
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What is herd immunity?
It is when the spread of disease is greatly reduced because a large proportion of the population is immune to the disease.
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What are some barriers in animals?
Skin, tears (lysosomes), cillia and mucus, immune system, stomach acid (hydrochloric acid)
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Why do viruses invade host cells?
They are unable to replicate on their own
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What is a lymphocyte?
A white blood cell in the immune system
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Name the 4 types of pathogen
Back
Bacteria, fungi, protists, and virus
Card 3
Front
Name a disease from a virus
Back
Card 4
Front
Name a disease from a protist
Back
Card 5
Front
Name a disease from a fungi
Back
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