B4 It's a green world

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What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
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What is the energy source for photosynthesis?
Light/Sun
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If glucose is not changed to other substances, what is it used for?
Energy source/respiration
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What was Priestly's important contribution in understanding photosynthesis?
That plants produce oxygen.
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Explain how the use of isotopes changed our understanding of photosynthesis.
The isotope of oxygen (18O2) was used as part of an oxygen molecule; in photosynthesis the isotope given off as oxygen gas; so water was split up by light energy not carbon dioxide
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What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water across a partially permeable membrane. It takes place from an area of a dilute solution to an area of a concentrated solution.
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When placed in very salty water, plant cells become plasmolysed. Describe what happens to the contents of the plant cells
Water leaves cells; cytoplasm pulls away from cell wall
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What are the possible consequences of plasmolysis in plant cells?
Cells collapse and plant wilts
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Animal cells behave differently when placed in very salty water. Explain why.
Animal cells do not have cell walls; animal cells become creanate
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Water and food travel through plants inside ______ bundles.
Vascular
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In plants, water travels inside ____ cells.
Xylem
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In plants, food travels inside _____ cells.
Phloem
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Describe how xylem vessels are different from phloem cells.
Xylem cells are dead (phloem cells are living), have extra cell wall thickening and have a hollow lumen
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If a plant has poor growth and yellow leaves, what mineral is it lacking?
Nitrates.
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If a plant has poor root growth and discoloured leaves, what mineral is it lacking?
Phosphates.
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If a plant has poor fruits and flowers and discoloured leaves, what mineral is it lacking?
Potassium.
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If a plant has yellow leaves, what mineral is it lacking?
Magnesium.
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Plants lacking nitrogen as usually smaller than usual. Explain why?
It cannot make proteins for cell growth.
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What is the use of magnesium in plants?
Its makes amino acids/proteins. Makes DNA/cell membranes; makes chlorophyll
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What is the use of the element Nitrogen in a plant?
It makes proteins.
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What is the use of the element Phosphorus in a plant?
It carries genetic information.
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How is active transport different to diffusion?
It uses energy, minerals moved against a concentration gradient, minerals selected and uses a carrier system.
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What conditions are needed for garden waste to decay quickly?
A temperature of 25 degrees and plenty of oxygen.
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What are 3 useful animals for decaying natural waste?
Earthworms, maggots and woodlice.
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Explain why detritivores are important in decay
Break up dead material, so increase the surface area for decay
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Explain how saprophytes are important in decay.
They digest dead material by extracellular digestion where they digest food outside the body
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How and why does temperature affect the rate of decay?
Increase in temperature increase the rate of reproduction of enzymes; by increasing enzyme action in respiration; extremes of temperature will slow down microbial growth because enzymes will of been denatured.
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Plants can be grown without the use of soil. What is this system of intensive farming called?
Hydroponics.
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What are the advantages of hydroponics?
Better control of mineral levels, can be used in areas of poor/barren soils and better control of diseases
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What are the disadvantages of hydroponics?
Lack of support for tall plants, still uses fertilisers and needs electricity to supply
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What is the method called when you introduce another organism into an ecosystem to control another organism?
Biological Control
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Some farmers use a crop rotation system. Explain why?
To farm organically and avoid build up of pests.
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Some organic farmers vary the seed planting time for their crops. Explain why?
Longer croop time means more success with crops. Also, you can avoid certain times when insect pests hatch and are most abundant.
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What is phloem?
Phloem is a specialised transporting cell which form tubules in the plants to carry sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant.
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What is a limiting factor in photo synthesis?
Light, temperature and carbon dioxide.
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How is the spongy mesophyll cells adapted to photosynthesis?
They are loosely placed so that diffusion of gases between cells and the outside atmosphere can take place.
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How is the outer epidermis adapted to photosynthesis?
It lacks chloroplasts and so is transparent; there are no barriers to the entry of light.
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How can plants cells maximise the use of the Sun's energy?
By having many pigments.
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What is xylem?
Xylem is a specialised cell for transporting water through a plant; xylem cells have thick walls, no cytoplasm and are dead. Their end walls break down and they form a continuous tube.
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Card 2

Front

What is the energy source for photosynthesis?

Back

Light/Sun

Card 3

Front

If glucose is not changed to other substances, what is it used for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was Priestly's important contribution in understanding photosynthesis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Explain how the use of isotopes changed our understanding of photosynthesis.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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