B2 unit 3 - Enzymes

?
what are protein molecules made of?
Long chains of amino acids
1 of 35
what does the shape of a protein depend on?
its function
2 of 35
what can proteins be?
- structual components of tissues, such as muscle - hormones - antibodies - catalysts
3 of 35
what are chemical reactions in cells controlled by?
proteins called enzymes
4 of 35
enzymes are biological catalysts. what do they do?
speed up reactions
5 of 35
what is the active site?
an area in the shape of the enzyme where other moelcules can fit
6 of 35
what can happen to the substrate in a reaction?
held in the active site and either be connectd to another molecle or be broken down
7 of 35
what can enzymes do?
build large molecules from smaller ones eg. bui;ding starch from glucose molecules - change one molecule into another one eg. convert one type of sugar into another - break down large molecules into small ones eg. all digestive enzymes do this
8 of 35
waht happens to enzyme reactions when the temperature increases?
they become similar to other reactions
9 of 35
when do reactions happen faster?
when the temperature increases
10 of 35
why do reactions happen faster when the temperature is higher?
the molecules move aound more quickly so collide with eachother more often and with more energy
11 of 35
what happens to an enzyme if the temperature becomes too hot?
the enzyme become denatured because the active site changes its shape
12 of 35
what happens if the pH of an enzyme is too acid or alkaline?
the active site could change and the enzyme become denatured
13 of 35
what are digestive enzymes produced by?
specialised cells in glands in the lining of the gut
14 of 35
what does digestion involve?
the breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones
15 of 35
what is each reaction controlled by?
a specific enzyme
16 of 35
where is amylase (a carbohydrase) produced?
the salivary glands, the pancreas and the small intestine
17 of 35
what does amylase catalyse?
the digestion of starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine
18 of 35
where is protease produced?
the stomach, the pancreas and the small intestine
19 of 35
what does protease catalyse?
the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in the stomach and small intestine
20 of 35
where is lipase produced?
the pancreas and small intestine
21 of 35
what does lipase catalyse?
the breakdown of lipids (fats and oils) to fatty acids and glycerol
22 of 35
what do enzymes in the stomach work best in?
acid conditions
23 of 35
what do glands in the stomach wall produce? why?
hydrochloric acid to create very acidic conditions
24 of 35
where do amylase and lipase work? in what conditions?
the small intestine. slightly alkaline
25 of 35
where is bile broduced by the liver stored?
the gall bladder
26 of 35
what does bile do?
neutralises stomach acid when squirted into the small intestine
27 of 35
what enzymes do biological detergents contain?
proteases and lipases to digest food stains
28 of 35
what temperatures do proteases and lipases work at in biological detergents
lower temperatures
29 of 35
why are some proteases used in some baby foods?
to pre digest proteins
30 of 35
what is isomerase used for?
to convert glucose syrup to fructose syrup
31 of 35
why is fructose syrup used in foods to make them less fattening?
it is much sweeter than glucose syrup so less is needed
32 of 35
why are carbohydrases used in foods?
to convert starch into sugar syrup
33 of 35
advantages of using enzymes...
biological washing powders can be used at lower temperatures, saves energy and cost - enzymes in biological washing powders are effective at removing stains such as grass, blood etc - enzymes can be used in medicine to diagnose, control/ cure disease
34 of 35
disadvantages of using enzymes...
industrial enzymes can be costly to produce - enzymes may enter the waterways via sewage - enzymes denature at high temperatures needed to kill pathogens in washing - some fabrics (wool) will be digested by proteases
35 of 35

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what does the shape of a protein depend on?

Back

its function

Card 3

Front

what can proteins be?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what are chemical reactions in cells controlled by?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

enzymes are biological catalysts. what do they do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

Enzymes
See all Biology resources »See all Enzymes and digestion resources »