B10+B11 Higher

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Homeostasis
The regulation of the internal conditions or a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function, in response to internal and external changes
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Receptors
Cells that detect stimuli - changes in the external or internal environment
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Stimuli
Changes in the internal or external environment that can be detected by the receptors
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Coordination Centres
Areas that receive and process information from the receptors
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Effector
Areas (usually muscles or glands) that bring about responses in the body
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Neurones
Basic cells of the nervous system that carry minute electrical impulses around the body
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Nerves
Bundle of hundreds or even thousands of neurones
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Sensory Neurones
Neurone that carries impulses from the sensory organs to the CNS
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Central Nervous System
Part of NS where info is processed; made up of the brain and spinal cord
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Motor Neurones
Carry impulses from the central nervous system to the effector organs
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Reflexes
Rapid automatic responses of the nervous system that do not involve conscious thought
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Reflex Arc
Bring about a reflex action
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Cerebral Cortex
Region of the brain; controls consciousness, memory and language
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Cerebellum
Region of the brain; coordinates muscular activity and balance
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Medulla
Region of the brain; controls unconscious activities such as heart rate and breathing rate
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Suspensory Ligaments
Ligaments that connect the lens of the eye to the ciliary muscles
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Ciliary Muscles
Muscles that contract and relax to change the shape of the lens of the eye
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Sclera
The sclera is the part of the eye commonly known as the “white.”
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Optic Nerve
A nerve that transfers the image from the retina to the visual centres in the brain.
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Cornea
The cornea is the transparent part of the eye that covers the front portion of the eye
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Myopia
Short sightedness; distant objects appear blurred as light is focused in front of the retina
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Hyperopia
Long sightedness; close objects appear blurred as light rays can not be focused on the retina close up
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Concave
A lens thinner in the middle, thicker at the ends, diverging lens
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Convex
A lens thicker in the middle, converging lens
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Endocrine System
Gland; produces the hormones that control many aspects of the development and metabolism of the body, and the hormones they produce
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Hormones
Chemicals produced in one area of the body of an organism that have an effect on the functioning of another area of the body (animal produced in glands)
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Insulin
Hormone; involved in controlling blood sugar levels
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Adrenaline
Hormone that prepares the body for the 'fight or flight' response
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Pituitary Gland
Master gland; secretes a number of different hormones into the blood in response to different conditions to control other endocrine glands in the body
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Causes the eggs to mature in the ovary
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Ovaries
Female sex organs; produce eggs and sex hormones
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Oestrogen
Female sex hormone; controls the development of secondary sexual characteristics in girls at puberty as well as the build-up and maintenance of the uterus lining during the menstrual cycle
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Glucagon
Hormone involved in the control of blood sugar levels
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Type 1 Diabetes
Pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin
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Type 2 Diabetes
Body cells no longer respond to the insulin produced by the pancreas
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Thyroxine
Thyroxine is the main hormone secreted into the bloodstream by the thyroid gland. It plays vital roles in digestion, heart and muscle function, brain development and maintenance of bones
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Ovulation
The release of a mature egg (ovum), from the ovary
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Testosterone
Main male sex hormone; controls the male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty and the production of sperm
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Contraception
Methods of preventing pregnancy; normally prevent the meeting of the egg and sperm
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Tropism
Responses of plant roots and shoots to environmental stimuli such as light or gravity
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Phototropism
The response of a plant to light, controlled by auxin
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Gravitropism
The response of a plant to gravity
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Auxin
Plant hormone; controls the responses of plants to light and gravity
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Gibberellins
Plant hormones; play vital role in initiating seed germination
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ADH
Anti-duretic hormone; controls water balance and urine produced.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Cells that detect stimuli - changes in the external or internal environment

Back

Receptors

Card 3

Front

Changes in the internal or external environment that can be detected by the receptors

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Areas that receive and process information from the receptors

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Areas (usually muscles or glands) that bring about responses in the body

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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