B1.1 Flashcards
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- Created by: Lauragreeen
- Created on: 08-04-17 14:54
What does a balanced diet consist of?
Carbs, fats, proteins, water, fibre, vitamins, minerals
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What elements of a healthy diet does the body use for energy?
Carbs, fats and proteins
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What is it called when you don't have a healthy diet?
Malnourished
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What happens if you consume too much energy?
Put on fat and weight
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What is metabolic rate?
Rate of chemical reactions in cells
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What 3 things affect your BMR?
Sex, muscle to fat ratio, and amount of exercise done
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What is excess energy stored as in your body?
Fat
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What health problems arise from obesity?
Heart disease, type 2 diabetes
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3 ways you can lose mass
Exercise, diet or both (use up more energy than you consume)
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Why does exercise make you healthier?
Increases your lung capacity and metabolism, lowers your blood pressure
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What diseases are common in malnourished people?
Kwashiorkor, marasmus, scurvy, anaemia, weaker immune system
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What factors affect your weight?
Diet, lifestyle, genetics and exercise
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What is cholesterol used for?
To produce cell membrane, hormones and bile acid
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What happens if you have too much LDL cholestrerol in your body?
Plaque builds up on your artery walls
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What sort of foods contain more LDL (bad) cholesterol?
Butter, fatty meats and cheese
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What organ deals with the fat in your diet?
Liver
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What causes infectious diseases in our bodies?
Pathogens (microorganisms)
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What is meant by 'infectious'?
Can be passed on/spread
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What are the 2 most common groups of pathogen?
Bacteria and viruses
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Are all bacteria pathogens? Explain.
No, some are harmless/useful
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What is the first thing pathogens do when they enter the body?
Reproduce rapidly
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How do bacteria reproduce?
Mitosis (split in 2)
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What else do bacteria do (other than reproduce) inside you to make you feel ill?
Produce toxins
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How do viruses reproduce?
Take over a living cell
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Name 3 common symptoms of infectious diseases, and their causes.
High temperature, headaches, rashes, caused by damage and response
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What is droplet infection?
Infection passed on through tiny droplets of pathogens (when you cough/sneeze)
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How can contaminate food make you ill?
You take in large numbers of microorganisms straight to your gut
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How does your skin prevent you from getting infectious diseases?
Covers the body as a barrier
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How does your body respond if your skin is broken?
Your blood clots and dries as a scab (like a seal) to stop pathogens entering
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How does your respiratory system stop pathogens infecting you every time you breathe?
Mucus in the lining of your lungs traps pathogens which are then moved out of the body or swallowed and destroyed by your stomach acid
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What 3 ways can white blood cells protect you from disease?
Ingesting microorganisms, producing antibodies (target and destroy a particular pathogen) and producing antitoxins (counteract toxins)
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How do antibiotics like penicillin kill bacteria?
Damage bacterial cells inside the body, but not body cells
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Why are viruses so difficult to kill inside the body, and not by antibiotics?
They reproduce inside our cells, so it's hard to kill just the virus and not our own cells at the same time
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What is 'culturing bacteria'?
Growing large numbers to see the colony as a whole
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What can we do with cultured bacteria?
Find out what nutrients they need to grow, and what kills them
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What is in a culture medium?
Liquid or gel containing nutrients
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What else do most bacteria need to grow?
Warmth + oxygen
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Why must you always take care when handling cultured microorganisms?
In case there is a mutation and a dangerous pathogen grows
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Where might contaminations come from when culturing bacteria?
Skin, air, soil, water
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How do you sterilise glass petri dishes?
With heat in an autoclave
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How do you sterilise plastic petri dishes?
With UV light or gamma rays
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What is a mutation?
A change in genetic material
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What is antibiotic resistance and why is it a problem?
Where a bacterium is unaffected by an antibiotic, so diseases become harder to treate
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How are antibiotic resistant strains produced?
Natural selection
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What has led to an increase in amount of bacterial resistance?
Antibiotics being over-used
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What steps can we take to reduce the spread of microorganisms?
Treat specific bacteria with specific antibiotics; Medical staff and hospital visitors wash hands; Hospitals kept very clean; Isolate patients affected by resistant bacteria
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Why can new strains of pathogens spread very quickly?
No one is immune to them & there is no effective treatment
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What is an epidemic?
Widespread infectious diseases in one area/country
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What is a pandemic?
Widespread infectious disease in many countries
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What is an antigen?
A unique protein on a cell's surface
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How does your body recognise pathogens when they enter your body?
The immune system recognises that the antigens are different
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What is a vaccine and how does it work?
A dead/weak/inactive form of the pathogen which triggers your immune response to invading pathogens
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What does the MMR vaccine protect you against?
Measles, mumps and rubella
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What elements of a healthy diet does the body use for energy?
Back
Carbs, fats and proteins
Card 3
Front
What is it called when you don't have a healthy diet?
Back
Card 4
Front
What happens if you consume too much energy?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is metabolic rate?
Back
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