AS Sociology- Education key terms
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- Created by: AceB00
- Created on: 03-05-18 10:28
Education
The process by which the collected knowledge of a culture is passed on to individuals.
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Informal Education
Learn as we live our lives.
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Formal Education
Modern societies have highly developed education systems with professional educators working in complex institutions and preparing students for examinations.
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Structural Theory
Looks at the role of education in society (society is more important than the individual).
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Meritocracy
Progress based on skill and talent.
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Ladder of opportunity
Process of moving up the social ladder
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Hidden Curriculum
Set of assumptions and beliefs that are unintentionally taught by schools.
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Social Action
Looks at what happens within schools e.g. interactions in the classroom.
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Deterministic
The same outcome will always take place.
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Social Solidarity
A sense of belonging in society.
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Microcosm
School is a miniature society.
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Social Order
Predictable patterns of behavior that ensures society continues.
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Particularistic Values
Social status is determined by family (occurs within the home/family).
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Univerlistic Values
Everyone is judged using the same criteria based on achieved status.
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Equality of opportunity
Everyone has an equal chance to achieve their full potential.
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Role Allocation
The education system sifts people according to their abilities.
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Social Stratification
Gender, social class and ethnicity.
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Repressive state apparatus
Physical control through institutions such as the justice system and military.
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Ideological state apparatus
Control over the way we think. Control is passed on through socialisation into ruling class ideology. Learnt through norms and values in the family.
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Anti school subculture
Not every student conforms to the expectations and values set by the education system.
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Correspondence theory
School mirrors the workplace
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Pro school subculture
Conform to school rules and expected rules of capitalism. Students whose values mirror the education system.
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Social Class
Describing a persons position in society. Determined by looking at their occupation. (Upper class, Middle class and Working class).
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Material Deprivation
Certain groups have less money than others and are not able to make the most of their educational opportunities.
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Cycle of deprivation
One aspect of poverty can lead to further poverty resulting in poverty being passed on to further generations.
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Cultural Deprivation
Values, attitudes and language of working class students are somehow different and not as good or useful as middle class values, attitudes and language.
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Cultural Capital
Knowledge, language, manners, behaviors and attitudes of the middle class that gives them an advantage in middle class systems for possessing them, e.g. use of elaborated code in education.
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Labeling
The process of defining a group or individual in a certain way.
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Halo effect
When pupils become favorably or unfavorably stereotyped on the basis of earlier impressions by the teacher and are rewarded or punished in future encounters.
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Self-fulfilling prophecy
A person sees themselves in the terms of the label that is placed upon them and acts accordingly.
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Self-refuting prophecy
When students attempt to detach themselves from the label provided by the teachers by proving them wrong.
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Streaming
When students are divided into groups of similar ability for their subjects.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Learn as we live our lives.
Back
Informal Education
Card 3
Front
Modern societies have highly developed education systems with professional educators working in complex institutions and preparing students for examinations.
Back
Card 4
Front
Looks at the role of education in society (society is more important than the individual).
Back
Card 5
Front
Progress based on skill and talent.
Back
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