AQA C1.6 Chemistry

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What do plants sometimes convert glucose into from photosynthesis?
vegetable oil
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What can rapeseed oil be used for commercially?
biofuels and in food
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Give the stages required to produce rapeseed oil?
harvesting, crushing and pressing, removing impurities, processing
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By what process is lavender oil extracted?
distillation
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Which vitamin is olive oil a source of?
vitamin E
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What do all vegetable oils contain?
hydrocarbons
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Why does cooking in oil differ to cooking in water?
vegetable oils have a much higher boiling point than water
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Are chemical bonds broken when vegetable oils melt?
no, it is a physical process
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How can the boiling point of vegetable oils be increased?
hardening by hydrogenation
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What is replaced during hardening?
double bonds with single bonds
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What conditions are required for hardening?
passed over a nickel catalyst at 60 degrees C
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What are vegetable oils hardened by hydrogenation called?
hydrogenated oils
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What is an emulsion?
a mixture of fats and water
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What do emulsifiers do?
bind water and oil particles together
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Give some examples of everyday emulsions?
body lotion, mayonnaise, lipstick, emulsion paint
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How does an emulsifier help form tiny droplets?
hydrophobic tail dissolves in oil, hydrophobic heads have like charges so repel eachother
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Why do the tiny droplets not simply join back together?
the emulsifier forms a barrier around each particle
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What is a food additive?
a substance added to food to preserve it or improve the texture or taste
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What is given to all additives approved for use in Europe?
E-numbers
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Which additives have E-numbers between 400 and 500?
emulsifiers, thickeners and stabilisers
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Why might emulsifiers contribute to a poor diet?
makes fats less obvious
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Why (in terms of health) should we not get all our fat from animal sources?
they are high in saturated fats which can increase cholesterol, clog up our arteries and increase risk of cardiovascular disease
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What effects do polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats have on our arteries?
help to reduce LDL and keep our arteries clear
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What can rapeseed oil be used for commercially?

Back

biofuels and in food

Card 3

Front

Give the stages required to produce rapeseed oil?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

By what process is lavender oil extracted?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Which vitamin is olive oil a source of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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