AQa B2 2.6 Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

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  • Created by: Rchilds
  • Created on: 30-05-17 14:28
What controls chemical reactions happening inside of cells?
Enzymes
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What is aerobic respiration?
The breakdown of glucose, in the presence of oxygen, to release energy
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Where does aerobic respiration take place?
It happens continuously, inside mitochondria in cells in both plants and animals
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What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen ➞ carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
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What is the energy released during respiration used for in animals?
(1) to build larger molecules from smaller ones (2) to enable muscles to contract (2) (in mammals and birds) to maintain a steady body temperature in colder surroundings
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What is the energy released during respiration used for in plants?
(1) to build larger molecules from smaller ones (2) to build up sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids which are then built up into proteins
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What are two changes that happen to the body during exercise?
(1) the heart rate increases (2) the rate and depth of breathing increases.
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Why does the breathing and heart rate change during exercise?
These changes increase the blood flow to the muscles and so increase the supply of glucose and oxygen for respiration and increase the rate of removal of carbon dioxide. This increases the amount of energy released
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How can the body store glucose in muscle cells?
Muscles store glucose as glycogen, which can then be converted back to glucose for use during exercise
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What is anaerobic respiration?
The INCOMPLETE breakdown of glucose to release energy without oxygen being present
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Why would anaerobic respiration happen?
If oxygen supply was cut off or limited. e.g. during exercise your body will respire aerobically with the limited oxygen supply it has, but if it needs more energy than this can supply it will also have to respire anerobically
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What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose ➞ lactic acid (+energy)
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Why is anaerobic respiration worse for the body than aerobic respiration?
The breakdown of glucose is incomplete so it releases much less energy and the build up of lactic acid can cause pain and stop muscles contracting efficiently (become fatigued).
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What happens to the lactic acid?
It is removed by blood flowing through the muscle and is then broken down later using oxygen (which is why heavy breathing continues after exercise - to supply this extra oxygen). The oxygen needed is called the oxygen debt
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How is lactic acid broken down
Once oxygen is available (amount needed =oxygen debt), it OXIDISES the lactic acid to form carbon dioxide and water (note: these are the same products as aerobic respiration)
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Card 2

Front

What is aerobic respiration?

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The breakdown of glucose, in the presence of oxygen, to release energy

Card 3

Front

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

Back

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Card 4

Front

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

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Card 5

Front

What is the energy released during respiration used for in animals?

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