nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes
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What does the cell nucleus do?
Contains DNA (in chromosomes) which control the activities of the cell
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What does the cell membrane do?
controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell
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What does the cytoplasm do?
Where most of the chemical reactions take place
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What do the mitochondria do?
where most energy is released in respiration
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What do the ribosomes do?
where protein synthesis occurs (new proteins are made)
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What additional parts do plant and algae cells have (that animal cells do not)?
Cell wall, chloroplasts and vacuole
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What is the cell wall for?
strengthens the cell
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What is the cell wall made form?
Cellulose
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What are chloroplasts used for?
Absorb the light energy required for photosynthesis to make food
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What is the vacuole filled with?
cell sap
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What are the main parts of a bacterial cell?
cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall; the genes are not in a distinct nucleus
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What are the main parts of a yeast cell?
Yeast cells have a nucleus, cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall (note: they are single celled organisms)
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What is a specialised cell?
A cell that has features that allow it to carry out specific functions
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How are red blood cells specialised?
no nucleus so more space to carry more oxygen, flexible so they can fit around corners in the capillaries
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How are epithelial cell from the lining of the small intestine specialised?
Large surface area to increase absorption
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How are muscle cells specialised?
Lots of mitochondria so lots of energy can be released through respiration
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How are sperm cells specialised?
tail for swimming and lots of mitochondria for energy release during respiration
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How is a root hair specialised?
Large surface area to improve absorption
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How is a nerve cell specialised?
Very long axons to carry impulses all over the body.
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How do dissolved substances move in and out of cells?
Diffusion
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What is diffusion?
The spreading of the particles of a gas, or of any substance in solution, resulting in a net movement from a region where they are of a higher concentration to a region with a lower concentration.
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How can you increase the rate of diffusion?
The greater the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion
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Give an example of a substance that moves into a cell through diffusion
gas exchange in lungs/respiration in cells (O2 in/CO2 out); gas exchange in leaves/photosynthesis (CO2 in/O2 out); absorption of glucose+amino acids in small intestine; water absorption in large intestine/roots; water lost from leaves/transpiration
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does the cell nucleus do?
Back
Contains DNA (in chromosomes) which control the activities of the cell
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