Approaches in Psychology Key Terms

1. The process by which a person gains knowledge about his or her own mental and emotional syayes as a result of examination or observation of their conscious thoughts and feelings. (13)
5. A form of learning where individuals learn a particular behaviour by observing (9)
7. A part of the chromosome of an organism that carries information in the form of DNA. (4)
9. The action of using someone or something as a model and copying their behaviour. (9)
10. The belief that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience. It is generally characterised by the use of the scientific method in psychology. (10)

2. Learning through observing others and imitating behaviours that are rewarded. (6, 8, 6)
3. Refers to the change over successive generations of the genetic make-up of a particular population. The central proposition of an evolutionary perspective is that the genotype of a population is changeable rather than fixed. (9)
4. Involves the application of an unpleasant consequence following a behaviour, with the result that the behaviour is less likely to occur again in the future. (10)
6. A cognitive framework that helps to organise and interpret information in the brain. Schemas help an individual to make sense of new information. (6)
8. Learning through reinforcement or punishment. If a behaviour is followed by a desirable consequence then that behaviour is more likely to occur again in the future. (7, 12)

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