Anatomy and Physiology Prefixes

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Define anatomy
Structure of the body
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Define physiology
Function of the body
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Vertebrates are ...
animals with a backbone e.g. fish, birds, cats, horses
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Invertebrates are ...
animals without a backbone e.g spiders, scorpions, snail, crabs, beetles
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The dog and cat are mammals therefore they have what?
Hair or fur, bear live young and feed their young on milk produced by the mother
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What are monotremes?
Group of mammals that lay eggs
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Carnivores are ...
Meat eaters
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Ungulates are ...
animals with hooves
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Examples of rodents are ...
rats, mice
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Lagomorphs are ...
rabbits and horses
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Define vestigial bones
either their but has no function or is absent
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Define structural system in the body
Framework and movement
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Define co-ordinating in the body
'Messenger' system
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Define visceral in the body
Organs and guts
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What is the skeletal system?
Framework and movement - rigid structure and keeps everything in place
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What is the muscular system?
Allows voluntary control of the body parts
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What is the integument?
Consists of skin, hair, nails and beaks - it is a barrier and acts as a tough, outer protective layer
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What is the cardiovascular system?
Responsible for supplying blood around the body
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What are the 4 structural systems ?
Skeletal, muscular, the integument and cardiovascular
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What do the 4 structural system overall do?
Make up the basic structure of the body
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What are the 2 coordinating systems?
The nervous and endocrine
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What do the 2 coordinating systems do?
They send and receive messages throughout the body
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What is the nervous system responsible for?
Transporting of information - coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from body parts
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What is the endocrine system responsible for?
Hormones, progresterone and testerone - is the chemical messenger comprises feedback loops of hormones released by internal organs
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What are the 4 visceral systems?
Digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive
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What are the visceral systems have?
They are all tubular design and have 1 or 2 openings onto the surface of the body
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What is the digestive system involved in?
The process of digesting and breaking down food
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What is the respiratory system involved in?
When oxygen is transported around the body
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What does the urinary system help to do?
It eliminates waste from the body
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What is the reproductive system involved in?
Helps animals to reproduce in which the sex organs work together for the purpose of sexual reproduction
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What are the structural components of the skeletal?
Bones and cartilage
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What does the muscular organ do?
Allows movement in structural components e.g. limbar, ligaments, brochial
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What is a structural component of the integument?
Skin
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What is a structural component of the cardiovascular?
Heart
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Name some components of the nervous system and what happens?
Transmits signals and synapses to the brain, nerves, spinal cord, information and coordinates actions
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What is a structural component of the digestive system?
Stomach
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What is a structural component of the respiratory system?
Lungs
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What is a structural component of the urinary system?
Kidneys
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What is a structural component of the reproductive system?
Sex organs
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Words are made up of three main parts which are:
The root, prefix and suffix
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What is the root?
The main part, or foundation e.g cardia/cardio (heart)
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What is the prefix?
The start of the word .e.g tachy in tachycardia
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What is the suffix?
The end of the word e.g. genic in cardiogenic (genes)
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Define the term cranial
Skull, head
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Define caudal
At or near the tail or posterior part of the body
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Define rostral
Situated or occurring near the front end of the body - especially in the region of the nose and mouth
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Define dorsal
The back or upper side
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Define ventral
On or relating to the underside of an animal
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Define lateral
Of, at towards or from the side/sides
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Define medial
Near the median plane of the body or the midline of an organ
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Define proximal
Situated nearer to the centre of the body
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Define palmer
Pertaining to the palm
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Define plantar
Sole of the foot
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What does the the sagittal plane do?
Divides body into left and right halves
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What does the median/mid-saggital do?
divides left and right equally at the midline
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Define paramedian
Divides left and right unequally
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What does the dorsal plane do?
Divides the body into back (dorsal) and stomach (ventral) runs parallel to the back
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What does the transverse plane do?
Divides the body into superior and inferior at the waistline, runs perpendicular to the back
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Define Ipsilateral
on the same side of the body
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Define contralateral
On the opposite side of the body
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Define superior
Part of the body which is closer to the head (=cranial)
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Define inferior
Lower parts of the body i.e.away from the head (=caudal)
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Define anterior
Referring to the frontal plane of the body (=ventral surface of animals)
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Define posterior
Rear aspect of the body (=dorsal surface of animals) but also used on occasions to refer to anatomy near the tail end of an animal
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define physiology

Back

Function of the body

Card 3

Front

Vertebrates are ...

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Invertebrates are ...

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

The dog and cat are mammals therefore they have what?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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