What are the reagents and conditions for hydration of ethene?
1)Steam.2)H3PO4 catalyst.3)High temperature and pressure.
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What is the equation for hydration of ethene?
Ethene + steam = ethanol.
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Is hydration of ethene a reversible reaction?
Yes.
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What is a source of ethene?
Cracking long chain alkanes.
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What are the reagents and conditions for fermentation of glucose?
1)Glucose.2)37 degrees.3)Yeast. anaerobic.
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What is the equation for fermentation of glucose?
Glucose= ethanol + carbon dioxide.
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Describe hydration of ethene.
1)Continuous process.2)Overall 95% ethanol (Reactants recycled.3)100% atom economy.4)Expensive feedstock.5)High energy demand.6)Non-renewable source.7)Not sustainable.
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Describe fermentation of sugars.
1)Slow batch process.2)Up to 14% ethanol.3)Low atom economy(CO2).4)Cheap materials(Glucose from sugar cane.5)Low energy demand.6)Renewable source.7)Sustainable.
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What are uses of ethanol?
1)Alcoholic drinks.2)Solvent in methylated spirits.
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What are uses of methanol?
1)Petrol additive.2)Feedstock in production of organic chemicals.
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What is the solubility of alcohols like?
1)Dissolve in water as polar O-H group of alcohol can form hydrogen bonds with polar O-H bonds in water.
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What happens to solubility as chain length increases?
Solubility decreases as there is more hydrocarbon present that isn't water soluble.
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Why do alcohols have a higher boiling point than expected?
Due to hydrogen bonding.
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What are the reagents and conditions for dehydration of alcohols?
1)Concentrated sulfuric acid.2)Reflux.
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What is the equation for dehydration of alcohols?
Ethanol= ethene + water.
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Why can only primary and secondary alcohols react?
Because they have a reactive hydrogen, unlike tertiary alcohols.
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What is the oxidising agent used in oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols?
Acidified potassium dichromate. (K2Cr2O7).
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What colour is acidified potassium dichromate?
Orange.
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What is the first step of oxidation of primary alcohols?
1)Partial oxidation.2)Aldehyde and water formed.3)H from OH lost and C=O bond forms.
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What is the second step of oxidation of primary alcohols?
1)Complete oxidation.2)Carboxylic acid and water formed.2)C=O bond remains and C-O-H bond forms.
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What is the overall colour change for oxidation of primary alcohols?
Orange to green.
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Describe oxidation of a secondary alcohol.
1)Ketone and water formed.2)C=O bond forms.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the reagents and conditions for hydration of ethene?
Back
1)Steam.2)H3PO4 catalyst.3)High temperature and pressure.
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