Reactions of alcohols
- Created by: caitlinmacclay
- Created on: 26-09-19 10:41
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- Reactions of Alcohols
- Combustion
- Alcohol + Oxygen ------> Carbon Dioxide + Water
- Oxidation
- Reagent: potassium or sodium dichromate
- If oxidising, will go from orange to green
- Primary Alcohols
- Partial oxidation = aldehyde
- Involves an excess of alcohol
- Aldehyde must be distilled off as it forms
- Alcohol + [O] ---} Aldehyde + Water
- Complete combustion = carboxylic acid
- Excess of oxidising agent
- Ensure the aldehyde formed as the half-way product stays in the mixture
- Heated under reflux
- Alcohol + 2[O] ----} Carboxylic acid + Water
- Partial oxidation = aldehyde
- Secondary Alcohols
- Oxidised to ketones
- Heated under reflux
- Tertiary Alcohols
- No reaction
- Not enough hydrogen attached to the carbon to form water
- Reagent: potassium or sodium dichromate
- Dehydration
- Uses an acid catalyst
- eg. concentrated sulphuric or phosphoric V acid
- Forms an alkene and water
- High temperature
- Uses an acid catalyst
- Substitution with halides
- Tertiary alcohols used
- Secondary and primary alcohols react too slowly
- Requires a concentrated halide acid
- eg. hydrochloric acid
- Tertiary alcohols used
- Combustion
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