Acyl Chlorides

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  • Created by: JosephPHS
  • Created on: 01-02-23 13:04
Acyl Chloride Function Group
Cl
|
R -- C = O

-oyl Chloride
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Acyl Chloride reaction with water
Produces carboxylic acid of the acyl chloride and HCl (g)
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Acyl Chloride reaction with alcohol
Produces an ester, with the carbonyl group formed from the alcohol and the carboxylate ion from the acyl chloride, and HCl (g)
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Acyl Chloride reaction with ammonia
Produces amide of the acyl chloride and HCl (g)
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Acyl Chloride reaction with primary amines
Produces N-substituted amide, of the acyl chloride and amide, and HCl (g)

N-substituted amide any amide with a chain directly bonded to the N
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General reaction rule of acyl chlorides
Cl is substituted by O or N and substituent group and produces HCl (g)
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Comparison of reactions of acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides
They react with water alcohols, ammonia, and primary amines in the same way but form a carboxylic acid rather than HCl (g)
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Nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions (Alcohol)
Alcohol is attracted to the C (δ+) and bonds with it forming an O⁺ on the alcohol
The electrons in the double bond between the O and C on the acyl chloride go to the O leaving a single bond forming a O⁻
Lone pair on O⁻ reforms double bond and electrons on
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Nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions
(Water, Ammonia, Primary Amines)
Same general mechanism as with alcohols just with the respective nucleophile
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Acylation - Definition
The addition of an acyl group to a molecule
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Acylation of benzene
Acyl Chloride + Benzene --> Phenyl"x"anone + HCl (H from benzene Cl from Acyl Chloride)

* "x" is representative of the chain from the acyl chloride: ethanoyl chloride --> phenylethanone
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Produces carboxylic acid of the acyl chloride and HCl (g)

Back

Acyl Chloride reaction with water

Card 3

Front

Produces an ester, with the carbonyl group formed from the alcohol and the carboxylate ion from the acyl chloride, and HCl (g)

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Produces amide of the acyl chloride and HCl (g)

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Produces N-substituted amide, of the acyl chloride and amide, and HCl (g)

N-substituted amide any amide with a chain directly bonded to the N

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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