A2 AQA Biology Flashcards - Unit 4 - Respiration

 

Revision Flashcards for Unit 4 of the AQA A2 Biology syllabus.

This set covers Glycolysis, Link Reaction, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain & Anaerobic Respiration, and contains 40 Flashcards.

Please rate and comment if you have used all of this resource.

Hope this helps!

Sources: Class notes, past papers & mark schemes and Nelson Thornes A2 Biology by Glenn & Susan Toole

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What is the basic balanced symbol equation for respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP
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What is the equation for the production of ATP?
ADP + Pi ---> ATP
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What are the four processes in involved in aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis, Link Reaction, Kreb's Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
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Where does Glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
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What are the four stages of Glycolysis?
Phosphorylation of Glucose, Splitting of phosphorylated glucose, Oxidation of Triose Phosphate, Production of ATP
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What is the net gain of ATP molecules in Glycolysis?
Two (4 made, 2 used at start, so net gain of 2)
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How many molecules of reduced NAD are produced in Glycolysis?
Two
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What is the product of Glycolysis?
2 molecules of Pyruvate
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What's the point of Glycolysis?!
Pyruvate is much more reactive than Glucose, a small amount of ATP is produced
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Where does the Link Reaction take place?
The matrix of the mitochondrion
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What is the equation for the Link Reaction?
Pyruvate + NAD + CoA ---> Acetyl CoA + NADH + Carbon Dioxide
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What does the Link Reaction convert Pyruvate into?
Acetyl Coenzyme A
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How many times does the Link Reaction take place per molecule of Glucose?
Twice
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How many Carbon atoms are removed from Pyruvate in the Link Reaction?
One
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How many molecules of Acetyl CoA are produced in the Link Reaction per molecule of Glucose?
Two
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How many molecules of reduced NAD are produced in the Link Reaction per molecule of Glucose?
Two
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How many molecules of ATP are produced in the Link Reaction per molecule of Glucose?
Zero
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Where does Kreb's Cycle take place?
The matrix of the mitochondrion
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In the first stage of the Kreb's cycle, with what does Acetyl CoA join?
4 Carbon molecule (Oxalacetat)
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In the first stage of the Kreb's cycle, Acetyl CoA reacts with a carbon molecule to form what?
6 Carbon molecule (Citrate)
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Which enzymes gradually convert the 6C compound back to the 4C compound in Kreb's cycle?
Decarboxylase
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Which enzymes are responsible for reducing NAD to NADH by controlling the release of Hydrogen from Kreb's cycle
Dehydrogenase
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What is the net gain of ATP molecules in Kreb's Cycle per molecule of Glucose?
Two
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Where does the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) take place?
Cristae (Inner membrane of the mitochondrion)
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What is the first step of the ETC?
Carrier picks up e- and passes through a series of carriers
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What is the second step of the ETC?
The electron carriers simultaneously pump H+ ions from the matrix to the inter-membrane space
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What is the third stage of the ETC?
A proton gradient across the membrane allows free energy to be stored
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What is the fourth stage of the ETC?
ATP synthase allows H+ ions to diffuse back into the matrix and uses the free energy released to synthesise ATP from ADP and Phosphate
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What does oxygen act as in the ETC?
Final electron acceptor
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What is the total net gain of ATP molecules from the ETC?
Thirty-four
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What is the total net gain of ATP in Respiration?
Thirty-eight
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Give five ways in which the ATP generated in respiration is used
Active Transport, Protein Synthesis, Cell Division/Mitosis, Phacoytosis, Synthesis of DNA
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Why use ATP as an energy source? (3)
Energy released in small amounts, involves a single & simple reaction, ATP is soluble
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Why do Humans synthesise more ATP than necessary?
ATP is unstable and cannot be stored (also, ATP used for "named process")
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Why does anaerobic respiration occur?
Low availabilty of Oxygen, so no oxygen to act as final electron acceptor
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What is Myoglobin?
A molecule that is saturated at high partial pressures of Oxygen, so it stores Oxygen and acts as a 'last reserve'
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What is the equation for Anaerobic respiration?
Pyruvate + Reduced NAD ---> Lactate/Ethanol + NAD (+CO2 in plants)
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Which process of aerobic respiration also occurs in anaerobic respiration?
Glycolysis
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How many molecules of ATP are produced in Anaerobic respiration per molecule of Glucose?
Two
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What is the name of the process where microorganisms are kept in anaerobic conditions in order to produce ethanol and natural carbohydrates in plants (such as grapes and barley)?
Fermentation
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the equation for the production of ATP?

Back

ADP + Pi ---> ATP

Card 3

Front

What are the four processes in involved in aerobic respiration?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where does Glycolysis take place?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the four stages of Glycolysis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

Aryeh Wolfson-West

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the equation for link reaction is wrong

AnastasiaR

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Doesn't give you any answers? What use is that?!

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