A Level Biology - Module 5, Chapter 14: Hormonal Communication 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyHormonal communicationA2/A-levelOCR Created by: jstellenCreated on: 01-11-16 18:54 What is insulin? globular hormone, 51 amino acids in 2 polypeptide chain, converts glucose into glycogen 1 of 29 What are the steps for a hormonal response? Triggered gland > hormonal secretion > hormone transported in blood plasma > binds to receptors > stimulate response 2 of 29 What is a steroid hormone? Lipid soluble hormone, forms a hormone-receptor complex, forms a transcription factor, can facilitate/inhibit genes 3 of 29 What is a non steroid hormone? Hydrophilic hormone, binds to receptors on cell surface membrane, triggers a secondary messenger to cause a response inside cell 4 of 29 What scretes chemicals into a duct tat flows to an organ or skin surface? Exocrine gland; bile duct, sweat glands 5 of 29 What is an endocrine gland? secretes hormones directly into bloodstream; thymus, pituitary gland, ovaries 6 of 29 What is the pancreas? Exo and endocrine gland. Exo produces digestive enzymes (lipases, proteases, amylayses), endi produces insulin (in B cells) and glucagon (a cells) 7 of 29 What is a soluble molecule used in respiration? Glucose 8 of 29 Whats the difference between glycogen and glucagon? Glycogen: branched polysaccharide of glucose, stores energy. Glucagon: peptide hormone produced to turn glycogen into glucose 9 of 29 Name two processes used to increase glucose levels Gluconeogenesis: production of glucose from non-carb sources. Glycogenolysis: break down of glycogen 10 of 29 Insulin production and Glycogenesis do what? increase blood glucose levels 11 of 29 Whats hypo and hyperglyceamia? Hypo = too little glucose. Hyper = too much glucose 12 of 29 What is diabetes? The inability to produce or respond to insulin resulting in high glucose levels 13 of 29 Which diabetes could be an autoimmune response? Type 1 14 of 29 Which diabetes could be a result of a bad diet? Type 2 15 of 29 What is is when your bpdy doesn't respond to the insulin you make? How can it be treated? Type 2 - diet and excercise 16 of 29 What are the causes and management of type 1 diabetes? Cannot produce insulin - B cells dont respond to rising glucose levels or are being destroyed. Insulin injections 17 of 29 What causes a cell to be charge at -70mV? K+ channels opening and K+ ions leaving the cell 18 of 29 How does glucose enter a cell? via a glucose transporter? 19 of 29 How does glucose change in the cell? metabolised by glucokianase to form ATP 20 of 29 What does ATP do in the cell in reponse to glucose? actively closes the K+ channels, in turn causing the Ca2+ channels to open 21 of 29 What happens when Ca2+ channels open? depolarisation as Ca2+ ions enter the cell and cause vesicles to secrete insulin 22 of 29 How does glucokianase convert glucose to ATP? Phosphorylation 23 of 29 What is andrenaline, what are its effects? Hormone, increases heart rate, dilates pupils, stops gut function, increases respiration 24 of 29 What secretes adrenaline? Adrenal medulla 25 of 29 what is ACTH? hormone the signals other hormones to be released 26 of 29 What is the process in response to a threat by the hormonal system? Autonomic system detects a threat > hypothalamus signals sympathetic nervous system > adrenal cortical system releases adrenaline > response 27 of 29 what is the role of cAMP? secondary messeger that activates protein kinases to phosphorylate other molecules 28 of 29 What does adenyl cyclase do? converts ATP to cAMP 29 of 29
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