48.Gas Exchange

?
  • Created by: kpaul1234
  • Created on: 25-05-21 20:34
Define Partial Pressure
In a mixture of gasses at a specific pressure, the contribution of each gas to that total pressure.
1 of 39
State Fick's Law Of Diffusion
An equation that describes the factors that determine the rate of diffusion of a molecule from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
2 of 39
Define an External Gill
Highly branched and folded extensions of the body surface that provide a large surface area for gas exchange with water; typical of larval amphibians and many larval insects.
3 of 39
Define an Internal Gill
Gills enclosed in protective body cavities; typical of mollusks, arthropods, and fishes.
4 of 39
Define a Lung
An internal organ specialized for respiratory gas exchange with air.
5 of 39
Define Afferent
Carrying to, as in neurons that carry impulses to the central nervous system (afferent neurons), or a blood vessel that carries blood to a structure (afferent arterioles). (Contrast with efferent.)
6 of 39
Define Efferent
Carrying outward or away from, as in neurons that carry impulses outward from the central to the peripheral nervous system (efferent neurons), or a blood vessel that carries blood away from a structure (efferent arterioles). (Contrast with afferent.)
7 of 39
Define Countercurrent flow
An arrangement that promotes the maximum exchange of heat, or of a diffusible substance, between two fluids by having the fluids flow in opposite directions through parallel vessels close together.
8 of 39
Define Dead Space
The lung volume that fails to be ventilated with fresh air (because the lungs are never completely emptied during exhalation).
9 of 39
Define an Air Sac
Structures in the respiratory system of birds that receive inhaled air; they keep fresh air flowing unidirectionally through the lungs, but are not themselves gas exchange surfaces.
10 of 39
Define a trachea
A tube that carries air to the bronchi of the lungs of vertebrates. When plural (tracheae), refers to the major airways of insects.
11 of 39
Define a primary bronchi
The first airways that branch off of the trachea.
12 of 39
Define a secondary bronchi
The airways branching off of the primary bronchi.
13 of 39
Define Parabronchi
Passages in the lungs of birds through which air flows.
14 of 39
Define Tidal
The bidirectional form of ventilation used by all vertebrates except birds; air enters and leaves the lungs by the same route.
15 of 39
Define Tidal Volume
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled by a resting individual. (Contrast with expiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, vital capacity.)
16 of 39
Define Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
The amount of air that can be inhaled above the normal tidal inspiration. (Contrast with expiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, vital capacity.)
17 of 39
Define Vital Capacity (VC)
The maximum capacity for air exchange in one breath; the sum of the tidal volume and the inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes.
18 of 39
Define Residual Volume (RV)
In tidal ventilation, the dead space that remains in the lungs at the end of exhalation.
19 of 39
Define Functional Residual Volume (FRV)
The residual volume plus the expiratory reserve volume.
20 of 39
Define a pharynx
The part of the gut between the mouth and the esophagus.
21 of 39
Define a Larynx
A structure between the pharynx and trachea that contains the vocal cords.
22 of 39
Define Bronchi
The major airway(s) branching off the trachea into the vertebrate lung.
23 of 39
Define a Bronchiole
The smallest airways in a vertebrate lung, branching off the bronchi.
24 of 39
Define an Alveoli
A small, baglike cavity, especially the blind sacs of the lung.
25 of 39
Define an Surfactant
A substance that decreases the surface tension of a liquid. Lung surfactant, secreted by cells of the alveoli, is mostly phospholipid and decreases the amount of work necessary to inflate the lungs.
26 of 39
Define Surface Tension
The attractive intermolecular forces at the surface of liquid; an especially important property of water.
27 of 39
State the function of a Thoracic Cavity
The portion of the mammalian body cavity bounded by the ribs, shoulders, and diaphragm. Contains the heart and the lungs.
28 of 39
State the function of a Diaphram
A sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities in mammals; responsible for breathing. (2) A method of birth control in which a sheet of rubber is fitted over the woman’s cervix, blocking the entry of sperm.
29 of 39
State the function of Pleural Membrane
The membrane lining the outside of the lungs and the walls of the thoracic cavity. Inflammation of these membranes is a condition known as pleurisy.
30 of 39
Define an Intercostal Muscle
Muscles between the ribs that can augment breathing movements by elevating and suppressing the rib cage.
31 of 39
Define a Hematocrit
The proportion of the blood volume that consists of red blood cells.
32 of 39
Define Haemoglobin
Oxygen-transporting protein found in the red blood cells of vertebrates (and found in some invertebrates).
33 of 39
Define Positive Cooperativity
Occurs when a molecule can bind several ligands and each one that binds alters the conformation of the molecule so that it can bind the next ligand more easily. The binding of four molecules of O2 by hemoglobin is an example of positive cooperativity.
34 of 39
State the function of Myoglobin
An oxygen-binding molecule found in muscle. Consists of a heme unit and a single globin chain; carries less oxygen than hemoglobin.
35 of 39
State The Bohr Effect
A shift in the O2-binding curve of hemoglobin in response to excess H+ ions such that the hemoglobin releases more O2 in tissues where pH is low.
36 of 39
Define Carbonic Anhydrase
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydration of CO2 to produce carbonic acid.
37 of 39
Define a Carotid Body
A chemosensor in the carotid artery that senses a decrease in blood supply or a dramatic decrease in partial pressure of oxygen in the blood.
38 of 39
Define an Aortic Body
A chemosensor in the aorta that senses a decrease in blood supply or a dramatic decrease in partial pressure of oxygen in the blood.
39 of 39

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

State Fick's Law Of Diffusion

Back

An equation that describes the factors that determine the rate of diffusion of a molecule from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Card 3

Front

Define an External Gill

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Define an Internal Gill

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define a Lung

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Gas Exchange resources »