By combining one glycerol (alcohol) molecule and three fatty acids.
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The fatty acids belong to the carboxylic acid group. What do they consist of?
A carboxyl group (-COOH) with a hydrocarbon chain attactched.
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Both molecules contain hyroxyl (OH) groups. These groups bond between the fatty acid and gycerol molecule. What is this bond called?
An Ester bond (Esterification), which is a condensation reaction.
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How are triglycerides broken down?
Through a hydrolysis reaction. 3 water molecules are supplied.
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Fatty acid chains with no double bonds between carbon atoms are called?
Saturated.
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Fatty acids with double bonds between some carbon atoms are called?
Unsaturated. The presence of double bonds makes them liquid at room temperature.
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Two or more bonds is?
Polyunsaturated.
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Phospholipids are?
Modified triglycerides that contain the element phosphorus along with, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
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Descibe how the charged head and non-polar tails of a phospholipid structure react to water. 0=
Non-polar tails (fatty acid chains) are hydrophobic. Charged head (phosphate group) is hyrophilic.
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Why are phospholipids called surfactants?
They form a layer on the surface of water (phosphate group in water) with the fatty acid far away from the water.
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What is a bilayer structure?
They can form a structure based on a two-layered sheet formation with the hydrophobic tails poiting towards centre of sheet protected from the water by the hydrophyllic head. Key role in forming cell membranes- separate into aqueous environments.
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What are Sterols?
Complex alcohol molecules based on a 4 carbon ring structure with a hydroxyl group at one end.
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How are Sterols similar to Phospholipids?
They both have dual hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics. The hydroxyl group in polar and therefore hydrophobic.
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Cholesterol is a sterol. Where can it be found and what is it's role?
In the liver and intestines. Imortant role in the formation of cell membranes.
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Explain the role of Cholesterol in the formation of cell membranes?
They are posistioned between the phospholipids with the hydroxyl group at the periphery of the membrane. This adds stability and regulates the fluidity of the membranes.
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Give examples f what is manufactured by Cholesterol.
Vitamin D, steroid hormones and bile.
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Give examples of the role of lipids due to their non-polar nature.
Membrane formation and the creation of hydrophobic barriers; Hormone poduction, electrical insulation, waterproofing (e.g feathers).
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What important role do trigylcerides in particular provide?
Long-term energy storage incl;uding: thermal insulation, cushioning to protect vital organs and buoyancy for aqautic animals.
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Describe the emulsion test for Lipids.
A sample is mixed with ethanol. The solution is mixed with water and shaken. If a white emulsion forms as a layer on top then the sample is a lipid. If the solution is clear then the sample is negative.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What elements do lipids contain?
Back
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Card 3
Front
Lipids are large complex molecules known as?
Back
Card 4
Front
How are Triglycerides made?
Back
Card 5
Front
The fatty acids belong to the carboxylic acid group. What do they consist of?
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