Biology Topic 3

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What is the function of the nucleus?
-Controls cell activities Makes protiens -Nuclear pores allow movement of substances -Makes ribososmes
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What si the function of a lysosome?
-Contains digestive enzymes -Digests invading cells -Breaks down worn components of cell
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What is the function of a Ribosome?
Site where protiens are made
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What is the function of the rER?
Folds and processes protiens made at the ribosomes
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What is the function of the sER?
Processes and synthesises lipids
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What is the function of Golgi apparatus?
-Processes and packages new lipids -makes lysosomes
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What is the function of Mitochondrion?
-Site of aerobic respiration -ATP is produced -Active cells that require lots of energy
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What is the function of the centriole?
Involed with separation of chromosomes during cell division -Involed in the formation of spindle fibers during nuclear fission
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What are the stages of Protien Production and Transport?
1)Protiens made at ribosome 2)Ribosomes on rER make protiens->excreted to cell membrane 3)New protiens made at rER 4)transported to G.A in vesciles 5)At G.A protiens may undergo further processing 6)protiens enter more vesicles-transported round cell
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What are the 9 structures of Prokaryotic cells?
1)plasma membrane 2) cell wall 3)pili 4) capsule 5) Mesosomes 6)Plasmids 7)circular DNA 8)flagellum 9) cytoplasm
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What are Mesosomes?
Inward folds in the plasma membrane
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What is pili?
- hair-like structures -used in the transfer of genetic material between cells
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What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Controls movement of substances in and out of cell.
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What are flagellum?
hairlike structure that rotates to make the cell move
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Equation for Magnification
size of image/size of real object
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What is a light microscope?
-Use light to form an image -max res of 0.2 micrometers -max mag is x1500 -cant see organelles smaller than mitochondira
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What is an electron microscope?
-Use electrons to form an image -Have higher resolution (0.0002) -max useful magnification is x1 500 000
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What are the two types of electron microscope?
-Transmission EM - Scanning EM
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How does an TEM work?
-use electromagents to focus a beam of electrons whcihis then transmitted through specimen. -Denser parts absorb more electrons=darker image - gives high resolution images - only used on thin species
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How does an SEM work?
-Scan a beam of electrons across specimen->knocks off electrons from specimen->then gathered ny cathode ray tube= image formed -3D images - work on thick species -lower resolution thatn TEM.
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Define Zygote?
Diploid cell made through the fusing of two haploid gametes
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How many chromosomes do Haploid cells contain?
23
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What are adaptations of a egg cell?
-Large with more cytoplasm = cytoplasm provides nutrients for growing organism 2)Haploid cell = ensures uniqueness 3)Zona Pellucide = protects the egg and mediates initial meetin gof it with the sperm 4)Cortical granules = allows only 1 sperm enter
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Explain Cortical reaction
Chemicals released by the ovum causing th ezona pellucida to thicken = prevents further sperm entering
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Adaptations of sperm cell
1)acrosome = contains hyaluronidase enzymes to penetrate egg membrane 2)Mitochondria = generates ATP(sperm has energy to swim) 3)axial filament = regulates tail movement 4)flagellum = propulsion
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Explain the acrosome reaction
When digestive enzymes in the acrosome break down the Zona Pellucida of ovum
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What are sperm cells adapted for?
Mobility
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What are egg cells adapted for?
Fertilisation and development of new organism
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Eggs can be stored?
False - only sperm can be frozen
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Males are born with specific quantity of spem?
False -eggs are but sperm is produced constantly from puberty till death
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What is the lifespan of the sperm and egg?
Egg= 12-24hrs Sperm= 3-5 days in the womb
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What si the function of a lysosome?

Back

-Contains digestive enzymes -Digests invading cells -Breaks down worn components of cell

Card 3

Front

What is the function of a Ribosome?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the function of the rER?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the function of the sER?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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