2.1 Molecules to metabolism 0.0 / 5 ? Biology2.1 Molecules to metabolismInternational BaccalaureateNone Created by: tom4dui24Created on: 09-04-21 18:46 Vitalism Theory that life is more than the chemicals which make up living things 1 of 15 Metabolism All of the enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions in a cell 2 of 15 Anabolism The formation of larger molecules from smaller ones. Including macromolecules from monomers by condencsation. 3 of 15 Catabolism The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones by hydrolysis. 4 of 15 Macromolecule A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules (monomers) 5 of 15 Monomer A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers (macromolecules) 6 of 15 Hydrolysis reaction A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger molecule by adding a molecule of water 7 of 15 Condensation reaction A chemical reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a water molecule. 8 of 15 Urea The toxic nitrogenous end product of protein breakdown (catabolism), excreted in urine. 9 of 15 Monosaccharide A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar. 10 of 15 Disaccharide A sugar made from two monosaccharides linked together (e.g. glucose + fructose -> sucrose). 11 of 15 R-group The variable radical of amino acids. Shown as R- in diagrams. 12 of 15 Amino acid Molecules which make up proteins; made of a Carbon atoms, Carboxyl Group, Amine Group, Hydrogen, and an R-group 13 of 15 Lipids Fats made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Oils, waxes, phospholipids, triglycerides and steroids are examples. 14 of 15 Polypeptides A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. 15 of 15
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