March 1848, Austrian Empire, by a radical Hungarian group who started a vocal independence movement.
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What happened 15th March 1848?
Hungary given independence under Habsburg rule and Czech+Itallian states overthrew Austrian occupation.
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What happened in May?
Austrian Emperor agreed to new assembly to draw up a new constitution.
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What happened in June to effect the revolutions spread?
Revolution running out of stem, due mainly to lack of middle class strata, due to lack of industrialising
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Why is this important?
Meant intellectuals and students lacked enough support, particularly organised one.
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What else happened in June?
Prague's, Pan-Slavism conference became violent.
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What was the response?
Austrian Emperor crushed insurrection with the army, then reconquered Italian states.
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What happened in September and October?
Kossuth started a movement to make Magyar official language of Hungary. Serbo-Croatians rebelled calling on Habsburg aid.
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What happened in December?
Rebellion in Vienna to abdicate Emperor Ferdinand in favour of son Franz Joseph.
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The response?
Appealed to Russia who marched into Hungary and crushed the Magyars restoring order.
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What happened in Frankfurt 18th September 1848?
Radicals stormed St Pauls Church (where the parliament is) Archduke enforced martial law.
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Consequnces?
80 died, and undermined the Frankfurt Parliament exposing its weaknesses.
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March 1848 what happened in Prussia?
Frederick William appoints a liberal ministry for a new constitution and oppose social revolution.
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Success?
Army crushed riots bringing order and ministry loyal to the crown.
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What happened in May?
New parliament dominated by Liberals, 1/3 Radical, had no agreement on constitution but abolished feudal privileges of Junker Class.
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Success?
Little preferences to remove Frederick William
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What happened in July?
Berlin Parliament publish constitution draft, proved unacceptable to Radicals and Conservatives, Frederick William attempts to comprise, Parliament demands judicial controls, police and to abolish aristocrats and kings.
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Success?
No people extremely angry and run against Frederick Williams' power.
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What happened in August?
Junker parliament pledged to abolish Prussian parliament, Liberal ministry increasingly isolated, Hapsburg success in Vienna encouraged Frederick William to end Prussian parliament.
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Success?
Frederick William takes full power, organisation of revolution dissipating.
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What happened in November?
Count Brandenburg appointed to ministry head, Monteffued minister of interior ordered Prussian parliament out, citizen militia dissolved, political clubs closed, martial law.
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Success?
Frederick William back in control of Capital, revolution ideas dissipating, no resistance army in control.
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What happened in December?
Prussian parliament unable to agree to new constitution, Frederick William proclaims constitution of his own, to the annoyance of conservatives, but was similar to what the liberal ministry proposed.
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Success?
Frederick William has full control and reduces tension by granting some of the demands.
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New Constitution evidence of Liberalism?
Freedom of Religion, Independent judiciary, 2 houses upper elected by property owners lower by male suffrage.
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New Constitution evidence of Authoritarianism?
King can alter it at any time, retained the army, rich had more power due to voting based on tax, ministers appointed and dismissed by the king.
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Situation in Austria after revolution
Crushed major uprisings, Ferdinand abdicates to Franz, dissolved constituent assemblies, martial law in liberal regions, refused Prussian union plan.
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Situation in Prussia after revolution
Liberals defeated, F.W IV committed to conservatives, police powers increased, 3 class suffrage, local governments reduced.
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Revolution failures
Failed in the 3 major dynastic empires, most weren't armed uprising, division with liberals and radicals, National consciousness failed to develop among the masses.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What happened 15th March 1848?
Back
Hungary given independence under Habsburg rule and Czech+Itallian states overthrew Austrian occupation.
Card 3
Front
What happened in May?
Back
Card 4
Front
What happened in June to effect the revolutions spread?
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