12.Inheritance Genes, and Chromosomes

?
  • Created by: kpaul1234
  • Created on: 17-05-21 07:53
Define a character
A character is an observable physical feature
1 of 38
Define a trait
A trait is a particular form of a character,
2 of 38
Define parental generation
The individuals that mate in a genetic cross. Their offspring are the first filial (F1) generation.
3 of 38
Define the first filial generation
The first filial generation; the immediate progeny of a parental (P) mating.
4 of 38
Define the second filial generation
The second filial generation; the immediate progeny of a mating between members of the F1 generation.
5 of 38
Define a monohybrid cross
A mating in which the parents differ with respect to the alleles of only one locus of interest.
6 of 38
Define a gene
A unit of heredity. Used here as the unit of genetic function which carries the information for a single polypeptide or RNA.
7 of 38
Define dominant
The ability of one allelic form of a gene to determine the phenotype of a heterozygous individulal in which the homologous chromosomes carry both it and a different (recessive) allele.
8 of 38
Define recessive
An allele that does not determine phenotype in the presence of a dominant allele.
9 of 38
Define diploid.
Having a chromosome complement consisting of two copies (homologs) of each chromosome.
10 of 38
Define haploid
Having a chromosome complement consisting of just one copy of each chromosome; designated 1n or n.
11 of 38
Define allele
The alternate form of a genetic character found at a given locus on a chromosome.
12 of 38
Define homozygous
In diploid organisms, having identical alleles of a given gene on both homologous chromosomes. An individual may be a homozygous with respect to one gene and a heterozygote with respect to each other.
13 of 38
Define heterozygous
In diploid organisms, having different alleles of a given gene on the pair of homologs carrying that gene.
14 of 38
Define a phenotype
The observable properties of an individual resulting from both genetic and environmental factors.
15 of 38
Define a genotype
genetic constitution that results in the phenotype
16 of 38
Define the law of segregation
when any individual produces gametes, the two copies of a gene separate, so that each gamete receives only one copy
17 of 38
Define the Punnett square
predicts the allele combinations that will result from a cross
18 of 38
Define a test cross
sed to determine whether an individual showing a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous

individual in question is crossed with an individual that is homozygous for the recessive traits
19 of 38
Define a dihybrid cross
a cross between individuals that are identical double heterozygotes

shows the segregation of R from r could be independent of the segregation of Y from y
20 of 38
State the law of independent assortment
The random separation of genes carried on non-homologous chromosomes into gametes so that inheritance of these genes is random.
21 of 38
Define a pedigree
The pattern of transmission of a genetic trait with a family.
22 of 38
Define the wild type
Geneticists' term for standard or reference type. Deviants from this standard, even if the deviants are found in the wild, are usually referred to as mutant.
23 of 38
Define a locus
In genetics, a specific location on a chromosome. May be considered synonymous with gene.
24 of 38
Define polymorphic
Coexistance in a population of two or more distinct traits.
25 of 38
Define incomplete dominance
Condition in which the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.
26 of 38
Define pleiotropic
The determination of more than one character by a single gene.
27 of 38
Define penetrance
The proportion of individuals in a group with a given genotype that actually show the expected phenotype.
28 of 38
Define expressivity
The degree to which a genotype is expressed in an individual.
29 of 38
Define a quantitative trait loci
A set of genes that determines a complex character that exhibits quantitative variation.
30 of 38
Define recombinant frequencies
The proportion of offspring of a genetic cross that have phenotypes different from the parental phenotypes due to crossing over between linked genes during gamete formation.
31 of 38
Define a sex chromosome
In organisms with a chromosomal mechanism of sex determination, one of the chromosomes involved in sex determination.
32 of 38
Define an autosome
Any chromosome (in a eukaryote) other than a sex chromosome.
33 of 38
Define primary sex determination
Genetic determination of gametic sex, male or female.
34 of 38
Define secondary sex determination
Formation of secondary sexual characteristics, such as external sex organs and body hair.
35 of 38
Define sex-linked
The pattern of inheritance characteristic of genes located on the sex chromosomes of organisms having a chromosomal mechanism for sex determination.
36 of 38
Define hemizygous
In a diploid organism, having only one allele for a given trait, typically the case for X-linked genes in male mammals and Z-linked genes in female birds.
37 of 38
Define carriers
In genetics, a person heterozygous for a recessive trait.
38 of 38

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define a trait

Back

A trait is a particular form of a character,

Card 3

Front

Define parental generation

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Define the first filial generation

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define the second filial generation

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Inheritance Genes, and Chromosomes resources »