Cells Differentiation in Development 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyHuman DevelopmentUniversityNone Created by: ellenrobinsonCreated on: 02-04-19 13:30 Cellular differentiation Cells change characteristics despite having the same genome 1 of 20 Differentiation Change cell's shape and metabolic activities and responsiveness to signal 2 of 20 Proteome the entire complement of Proteins that is or can be expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism 3 of 20 Haematopoietic stem cells Differentiate into all types of blood cells, occurs in the bone marrow. 4 of 20 Transcription Factors Recognise specific DNA sequences. Genes can be switched on or off as a unit. A single factor can affect many genes. 5 of 20 Cell memory Changes in gene expression will be remembered. Keeps differentiation in a stable state. Regulated through positive feedback. Acts on its own promoter. 6 of 20 Chromatin Complex of macromolecules including genomic DNA and accessory proteins/RNA. They can be relaxed or tightened to effect gene expression. 7 of 20 Heterochromatin Tightly wound areas in chromosome while little gene expression will occur. 8 of 20 Euchromatin Relaxed areas where gene expression will occur. 9 of 20 Duel expression of X chromosome Unhealthy so the chromosome is bundled up in heterchromatin. 10 of 20 Chromatin modification Inactivate whole chromosomes. Inherits localised structure yo remember parent cells. 11 of 20 DNA methylation Cytosine residues are modified with methyl group, silence genes associated with methylated area. 12 of 20 DNA methyltransferase Enzyme catalyze the transfer a methyl group to DNA. Use s-adenosyl methionine as the methyl donor 13 of 20 Pluripotent Cells Can form all cells 14 of 20 Totipotent Cells Can form all cells and extra-embryonic tissues 15 of 20 Pluripotent Cells Cells have their options narrowed in stages 16 of 20 Foetus development Cell memory is removed to develop a foetus. tags must be erased to allow a new zygote to form. Happens at fertilisation. 17 of 20 Cell differentiation in cancer Most aggressive cancers are involve poorly differentiated cells e.g. Oct4 which is switched on by HPV 18 of 20 Regulatory elements differentiate species 1.2% difference between humans and chips. 19 of 20 Non-coding regulatory elements Upstream of protein coding sequences, you can change regulatory elements without changing the genes 20 of 20
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