Urine analysis

it's much easier to collect a urine sample than a bloood sample
simple urine tests give early indications of health problems, whicn can then be investigated further
presence of glucose and ketones in urine indicates the person may have diabetes
- if blood glucose concentration increases above a certain value, the renal threshold, not all glucose is absorbed from filtrate in the proximal convolueted tubule and some will be present in the urine
presence of protein in urine indicates that there's something wrong with the kidneys
- most protein molecules are too large to be filtered
- however some proteins are filtered, but these are reabsorbed by endocytosis in the proximal convoluted tubule, broken down and the amino acids absorbed into the blood
- it's not unusual for some protein to be present in urine for short periods of time e.g. during a high fever, after vigorous exercise and during pregnancy
- but large quantities or long term presence of protein in the urine indicates that there may be a disease affecting the glomeruli or a kidney infection
- protein in urine is also associated with high blood pressure, which is a…

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