Transitional metals

Things that you should know

• Transitional metals = an element which can form one or more ions with an incomplete d subshell)

• Complex ions = central metal atom or ion surrounded by ligands and bonded with dative covalent bonds. 

• Catalyst = substances which speeds up a reaction and is unchanged at the end of a reaction

• Ligands = molecules or ions with lone pairs of electrons that can be donated to form a dative covalent bond

• These are d block elements 

• Used in industry processes and transitional metals and their compounds have a wide number of uses. 

• Transitional elements can lose elements to form positive ions. 

• Transitional metals lose their 4s electrons before their 3d electrons. 

• They form ions with more than one oxidation state. 

• They can form compounds with metal ions in the 2+ oxidation state.

• Transition metal compounds form complex ions. 

• Complex ions consist of a central metal ion surrounded by ligands. 

• A ligand is a molecule or ion that donates a pair of electrons to the central transition metal ion to form a dative covalent bond.

• Transition metals, oxides of transition metals and transition metal complexes are used as industrial catalysts. 

• Platinum and rhodium are used in catalytic converters in car exhaust. 

• They convert carbon monoxide and nitrogen gas into carbon dioxide. 

• These gases are not polluting. 

• Magnesium dioxide acts as a catalyst in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

• Iron…