Human Lifespan Development

The life staages are:

• Infancy (0-2 yrs)
• Early Childhood (3-8 yrs)
• Adolescence (9-18 yrs)
• Early Adulthood (19-45 yrs)
• Middle Adulthood (46-65 yrs)
• Later Adulthood (65+ yrs)

Adolescence:Puberty

The main features of puberty in females are: 

• Menstruation (period starts)
• Pubic hair grows
• Breasts develop
• Hips broaden 

The main features of puberty in males are:

• Voice deepens 
• pubic hair
• facial hair
• Shoulders broaden
• Testies drop

MIddle Adulthood: menopause

The menopause typically happens in females between the ages of 45 and 55, although it can be sooner or later. The main physical features are:

• Mood swings
• Period stops
• Hot sweat

Later Adulthood: ageing

• Hair greying or loss
• Weaker muscles and stiffer joints
• Thinner and less elastic skin, so wrinkles
• Loss of mobility and height
• Bones become more brittle
• loss of stamina, suppleness and strength

Difference between growth and development

Growth: Increase in height, weight or size.

Development: Changes to how we do things - more complex as we get older.

What is development delay?

It is when a  child/infant is unable to learn skills or has missed a milestone which can affect his/her main areas of development. 

Causes of development delay:

Biological (nature):  genetic or chromosome abnormalities, illness and disease

Social (nurture): life experienceing or parenting

What is the difference between skill and ability?

Skill: being able to undertake practical tasks to at least a certain standard, a special ability or a talent developed through training or experience

Ability: means natural or acquired talents to be able to do something

Education and culure:

• Education affects childrens PIES
• Children benefit from larger playspaces and better equipment; this improves coordination and gross motor skills. 
• Children learn to mix and socialize
• Staff promote cognitive development: introducing concepts like numbers and shapes
• Fine motor skills: playing with dough, painting and by writing
• Promote self confidence and esteem
• Esteem linked to positive education experiences 
• Develop a sense of belonging 
• Stimulating activities like jiqsaw, modellling and books improve development. 

Expected life events: starting school, marraige and retirement.

Starting school: positives.

• Learning to grow socially and mentally
• Development of fine motor skills
• Learning new things

Negatives:

• Risk of bullying 
• Feeling emotionally isolated
• Pressure from parents, teachers and peers

Marraige: positives:

• A fresh start
• Ability to grow and develop on the way you live
• Learn new things from your partner. 

Negatives:

• Need to adapt to a smaller social circle 
• May feel lonely
• may feel isolated if not continuing to socialize 

Unexpected life events:

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