EVOLUTION AND ENVIRONMENT

Plants can be cloned from cuttings and by tissue culture.

1. cuttings.

gardeners take cutting from good parent plants, and then plant them to reproduce genetically identical copies of the parent plant. the plants can be produced quickly and cheaply.

2. Tissue culture

this is where a few plant cells are put in a growth medium with hormones, and they grow into new plants, clones of the parent plant. the advantages of using tissue culture are that you can make new plants very quickly, in very little space and you can grow all year round.

the disadvantage of both these methods is a reduced gene pool.

You can make animal clones using embryo transplants

farmers can produce cloned offspring from their best bull and cow using embryo transplants.

sperm cells are taken from a prize bull and egg cells are taken from a prize cow. the sperm are then used to atrificially fertilize an egg cell. the embryo that develops is then split many times to form clones before any cells become specialized. these cloned embryos can then be implanted into lots of other cows where they grow into baby calves (which will be genetically identical…