Developing Apartheid: Part I

DEFIANCE CAMPAIGN:

• First large scale example of direct action/opposition

• Nationwide strikes and protests

• Civil disobedience

• Protesting against apartheid

WOMENS PASS PROTESTS:

• Women’s march

• Protest introduction of apartheid

• Presented a petition to the PM (10,000 signatures)

BLACK SASH:

• South African human rights organisation

• Non-violent resistance for liberal white women

• Wider representation in the ANC

CREATION OF THE FREEDOM CHARTER:

• Charter of universal rights 1954

• Broad ideology of african rights

• 3,000 representatives

• Congress Alliance 

• Not a strategy but a political manifesto

CORE AIMS/RIGHTS OF THE CHARTER:

1. THE PEOPLE SHALL GOVERN: right to vote, stand as a candidate, all rights should be the same

2. ALL NATIONAL GROUPS SHALL HAVE EQUAL RIGHTS: equal status, equal rights for language, apartheid set aside, national groups protected

3. LAND SHALL BE SHARED: restrictions on land ended, freedom of movement, all should have the right to occupy land

4. ALL SHALL ENJOY EQUAL HUMAN RIGHTS: everyone has a right to speak, free to travel without restrictions, passes and permits abolished

5. THERE SHALL BE WORK AND SECURITY: workers free to form trade unions, men and women of all races should receive equal pay, forty hour working week

6. ALL SHALL BE EQUAL BEFORE THE LAW: no one imprisoned without a fair trial, court should represent all, no discriminatory laws

7. THE DOORS OF…