Chemistry GCSE Key Points C1

Key Points – Chapter 1

Chapter 1: Atomic Structure – 1.1 Atoms

•   . All substances are made up of atoms
•    The periodic table lists all the chemical elements, with eight main groups each containing elements with similar chemical properties
•    Elements contain only one type of atom
•      Compounds contain more than one type of atom
•   An atom has a tiny nucleus at its centre, surrounded by electrons.

Chapter 1: Atomic Structure – 1.2 Chemical Equations

•  No new atoms are ever created or destroyed in a chemical reaction: the total mass of reactants = total mass of products
•  There is the same number of each type of atom on each side of a balanced symbol equation
•     You can include state symbols to give extra information in balanced symbol equations. These are (s) for solids, (l) for liquids, (g) for gases, and (aq) for aqueous solutions

Chapter 1: Atomic Structure – 1.3 Separating Mixtures

• A mixture is made up of two or more substances that are not chemically combined together
• Mixtures can be separated by physical means, such as filtration, crystallisation, and simple distillation. (The physical techniques of separation, fractional distillation, and chromatography are in C1.4)

Chapter 1: Atomic Structure – 1.4 Fractional Distillation and Paper Chromatography

•  Fractional distillation is an effective way of separating miscible fluids, using a fractionating column. The separation is possible because of the different…