C1

C1.1

• All substances are made up of atoms 
• The periodic table lists all the chemical elements with eight main groups, each group containing elements with similar chemical properties
• Elements can only contain only one type of atom
• Compounds can only contain one type of atom
• An atom has a tiny nucleus at its centre, surrounded by tiny electrons

C1.2

• No new atoms are ever created or destroyed in a chemcial reaction: the total mass of products = the total mass of reactants.
• There is the same type of atom on each side of a balanced symbol equation
• You can include state symbols to show the state of each substance in the equation.

C1.3

• A mixture is made up of to or more different substances that are not chemically combined together.
• Mixtures can be separated by physical means such as filtiration, crystallisation and simple distillation.

C1.4 

• Fractional distillation is an effective way of separating miscible liquids using a fractionating column.The separation is possible becuase of the different boiling points in the mixture. 
• Paper chromotography separates mixtures of substances dissolved in a solvent as they move up a piece of…