Types of chemical reactions

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The reactivity series

Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Carbon                                                

Zinc

Iron

Lead

Copper

Silver

Gold

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Combustion

Combustion is burning a fuel with oxygen; which produces carbon dioxide, water and energy:

Fuel + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + Water

It is an example of exothermic reaction and it releases mostly thermal energy to the surroundings, but light and sound energy are also released.

Image result for fire triangle

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Displacement reactions

Displacement reactions replace something with something else. For example, copper can be displaced from copper sulfate by reacting it with zinc:

Copper sulfate + Zinc -> Zinc sulfate + Copper

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Neutralisation

Neutralisation is the reaction between an acid or an alkali to make it neutral:

Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide -> Sodium chloride + Water

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Oxidation

Oxidation is the reaction of a substance with oxygen:

Copper + Oxygen -> Copper oxide

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Reduction

Reduction is the opposite of oxidation:

Magnesium oxide -> Magnesium + Oxygen

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Thermal decomposition

Thermal decomposition is using heat to break things down into smaller pieces:

Copper carbonate -> Copper oxide + Copper dioxide

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Exothermic reactions

Exothermic reactions transfer energy to the surroundings. The energy is transferred as heat energy, causing the reaction mixture and it's surroundings to get hotter. Here are some examples:

  • Combustion
  • Reacting water and calcium oxide
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Endothermic reactions

Endothermic reactions take in energy from the surroundings. The energy is transferred as heat energy, causing the reaction mixture and it's surroundings to get colder. Here are some examples:

  • Reacting ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate
  • Mixing water with ammonium nitrate
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The test for hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide

Hydrogen:

  • Light a splint
  • When placed inside the test tube, there is a 'squeaky pop' sound

Oxygen:

  • Put a glowing splint inside the gas collected from the reaction
  • When placed inside the test tube, the flame reignites

Carbon dioxide:

  • When acid is added to calcium carbonate, the lime water turns cloudy
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