THE CHARTIST MOVEMENT

• All men over 21 could vote (universal manhood suffrage).
• Vote by ballot.
• End to land qualification for MPS.
• Payment of MPs.
• Equal consistencies (equal in number of votes).
• Annual elections

• William Lovett issued charter moral force
• Francis Place issued charter
• Fergus O'Connor published 'Northan Star'
• Physical force

• Dissatisfaction- 1832 reform act
• Harsh poor law
• Poor living conditions- towns
• Bad working conditions factories and mines
• Persecution of trade unions e.g Tolpuddle Martyrs
• High food prices, especially bread

NOTE

• Many workers and some middle class supported it.
• Particularly- Midlands, North
• Support varied- Strong if unemployment/dear bread

MORAL FORCE

• Newspapers, e.g Northen star
• Petitions 1839, 42, 48
• Chartist convention 1839 met London- Later went to Birmingham 
• Meetings and rallies, e.g. Bull Ring, Birmingham

PHYSICAL FORCE- as a result of failure of moral force

• Call for general strike by convention
• Rising- Newport 1839
• Plug plot- Lancashire 1842

• Lack of middle class support.
• Radical nature of demands.
• Division- leaders over moral & pysical force.
• Hostility of press. Times emphasise violence. Punch- ridicule.
• Localised nature of movement. 
• Lack of finance. Supporters WC so lacked funds.
• Effective use of Goverment power. Troops, police, legal syst. Many chartists arrested.
• Improvement in working and living conditions. e.g factory act.
• Economic improvement. 
• Leadership-poor.
• People took up other causes. e.g factory reform.