The Buffalo

Before horses the PLains Indians stalked buffalo on foot - disguised human smell with animal skins.

Stampeded a buffalo herd - trapped in a valley or tumbled off a cliff.

Horses made hunting quicker and easier.

Women & children butchered the Buffalo.

Cut out the parts which were good to eat raw e.g. kidneys, liver, brain.

Flesh - boiled or roasted.

Left overs - sliced into thin strips and smoked or sun dried.

Jerkey kept a long time - feed the tribe through winter.

Women made pemmican - leftover meat.

Pounded meat into a pulp, mixed it with berries and put in skin covers - Poured hot grease and marrow fat over containers - kept upright.

Keeps for very long time.

Used every part of the Buffalo except the heart, which was put on the Plains as it was believed it gave new life to the heard that gave the Indians so much.

Before - did not venture onto the plains - grew maize, ate  berries and roots and hunted the Buffalo on foot. (Indians)

To chanllenge white americans technology by having the horses.

No horses in america until around 1600s.

Spanish conquered tribes living in the central america built towns and bred horses but refuesed to sell them to the Indians.

1640 - Puebb Indians rose against the Spanish.

Drove them out and captured their horses - kept some for meat and breeding.

Sold rest to other Indian tribes.

Uses Of The Buffalo

Raw Hide - parfleche (carrying belongings or food stores), harnesses, shields.

Tanned Hides - robes, tipi covers, bags, moccasins, leggings.

Tail - fly whisks and ornaments.

Fat - soap.

Dung - fuel.

Hooves - glue, tools.

Bladder - food bags.

Tendons - string, cord sewing thread.

Intestines - buckets, cooking vessels.

Ribs - Sledges for children in winter

Bones - knives, bone fleshing tools, sledge runners

Hair - string, stuffing for pillows and sadles.

Fur - blankets, mittens, saddle covers.

Tongue - hair brush

Skull - Decorated and used in religious rituals

Sinews - bow strings, thread.

Horns - head dresses, spoons powder flasks,cups, arrows, straighteners.

Uses Of The Buffalo

Raw Hide - parfleche (carrying belongings or food stores), harnesses, shields.

Tanned Hides - robes, tipi covers, bags, moccasins, leggings.

Tail - fly whisks and ornaments.

Fat - soap.

Dung - fuel.

Hooves - glue, tools.

Bladder - food bags.

Tendons - string, cord sewing thread.

Intestines - buckets, cooking vessels.

Ribs - Sledges for children in winter

Bones - knives, bone fleshing tools, sledge runners

Hair - string, stuffing for pillows and sadles.

Fur - blankets, mittens, saddle covers.

Tongue - hair brush

Skull - Decorated and used in religious rituals

Sinews - bow strings, thread.

Horns - head dresses, spoons powder flasks,cups, arrows, straighteners.