The Iliad

Menis; anger, Hubris; pride/ arrogance (10 years, Mycenean Age)

Chryseis is taken Agamemnon for his geras

Priest Chryses offers ransom; fails, prays to Apollo who causes plague on Greeks

Achilles calls assembly (Hera), Calchas profit asks Achilles to protect him, says that Agamemnon should return geras and do sacrifice as Apollo is angry. Agamemnon gets angry, but gives in if compensated- argue with Achilles, undeserving 'dog face'

Achilles about to kill, Athene stops him, promises big reward

Agamemnon returns her through Odysseus unenthusiastically, wants compensation (Briseis)

Achilles leaves the fight with Myrmidons and Patroclus, cries to Thetis, asks if she can persuade Zeus to let Greeks lose battle

Hera and Zeus argue, Hephaestus calms them as everyone laughs at him; feast

Hector calls Paris a parody. Paris proposes duel between Paris and Menelaus to end the battle, announced by Hector; winner gets Helen and poperty, loser has to be friendly (side) war is over 

Idaeus tells Priam to do oath for Trojans, Agamemnon does the oath for Greeks

Zeus cannot grant the prayer, fate;Ilium must fall, Paris has lived Paris is weak, has to borrow armour, long description getting ready- anticipation

Iris disguises as sister inlaw Laodice, to tell Helen (who is weaving purple cloth) the news of the duel, she is hopeful for her old life back, mourns, wants Menelaus

Helen escorted by two females (admired by Trojan elders) and sits with Priam, describes the Greek 'heroes' Agamemnon (good leader), Odysseus (strategic), Ajax (strong). '**** that I am'

Aphrodite saves Paris, mist, Zeus not letting Menelaus kill him reference to xenia, spear misses= Menelaus wins?

Aphrodite disguise old woman, beckons to help Paris, Helen finds out, cusses, Aph threatens Helen to go to Paris with honour, being hated, Helen hates him, cusses him, sleeps with him.

Zeus tries to persuade Hera to make peace with the Trojans; gets angry, Zeus is angry, but cannot go against her and Athene as fear of being overthrown.

Lets her off but says when he wants to, he will destroy one of her beloved towns (Argos)

Hera sends Athene down to battle, disguises as Trojan Laodocus and encouraged Pandarus to shoot Menelaus for glory- he does, she makes it miss, hits belt, body armour, kilt, not big wound.

Agamemnon laments, go home if Menelaus dies, they lose glory, Trojan to dance on his grave in Troy, healed by Machaon

Agamemnon praises warriors getting ready for battle, or insults if not (as they don't know).

Praises Nestor and wants him to be younger, but Nestor loves being old and wise. Chastises Odysseus, who gets too angry,Agamemnon apologises. Diomedes just takes it, Agamemnon uses cowardice, fathers to provoke guilt; strong bond.

Sthenelus sticks up for him, we are better than our fathers

Battle; similes, sea, wolves, sheep, vivid death

Simoisius' death by Ajax; could have been something more, good man, effects of war are horrible, not proud, pathos

Diores' death; darkness engulfed him, graphic, innards gushed out, no honour, underworld

Armour taken as a prize, kleos and time

Hector runs away, Apollo encourages the Trojans to fight harder, Achilles is not there= easier

Trojans and Greeks dead laying amongst each other, in the dust

Not glorious, war is bad and no honour is described- no one wants to fight, only because the oath is broken.

Diomedes' killing spree- Greeks are winning Agamemnon shows no mercy to Trojan Adrestus who is captured and tries to bribe Menelaus; kill

Helenus tells Hector to regroup Trojans; he listens, perform sacrifice Athene- 12 heifers, robe (does not help as gods can no longer interfere, and she likes Greeks)

Glauchus Diomedes, god or man, their grandfathers knew each other 20 days, exchange armour Glaucus' gold, Diomedes' bronze (dumb), fight alongside, respect, xenia

Hecabe offer wine Hector- deny- doesnt offer dirty hands- orders sacrifice. Theano priestess

Helen mourns husbands Menelaus, Paris decides to fight, comes whilst laughing and running- opposite to Hector

Hector family Andromache  with waiting woman (noble) and Astyanax, denies Andromache laments- cant live w/o. no parents etc, war advice ignored, hubris

Hector knows they have a tough chance at survival, but does not want to be a coward- rather die when they take her as slave- son scared- foreshadow death wall

Embassy to Achilles (FAIL), decided by Nestor; Ajax, Odysseus, Phoenix

Agamemnon giving up, grief, wants to go home and starts to cry- Diomedes is against this, courage, army cheer, Nester opts for embassy and wants SENTRIES wall to be built round camp- angers Poseidon as no sacrifice

Nestor says he is not happy about Achilles leaving, Aga's behaviour, Aga takes responsibility- Gifts FIRST mentioned; 7 tripods, 10 talents of gold, 20 copper couldrons, 12 racehorses       OTHERS; 7 beautiful women from Lesbos, Briseis + oath, 7 prosperous towns, 20 Trojan women

Nestor chooses the embassy, pray, go to Achilles, xenia, Patroclus voiceless, feast prepared

Odysseus speaks first; provokes guilt with father, honour with Hector, bribe with gifts, friendly

Achilles; angry, no pathos, offers for Phoenix to stay, hubris

Phoenix' speech; Meleager[- left army, was promised gifts, rejected, when he did help= no gifts anymore], like a father, his father helped him, Achilles; calmer, says he wont leave, only when fighting reaches his ship he will return

Ajax- your anger is pointless too extreme

Achilles agrees but his heart is too angry to give up

Diomedes instructs Aga, Achilles is too arrogant, fight must go on, all cheer, he is honourable

Zeus calls Strife- battle cry, give courage to the Greeks

Agamemnon long description getting ready- armour of gold silver bronze strong description of lion fighting,raging fire in forest woods until injured- women during labour

DIOMEDES WOUNDS HECTOR HEAD, RUNS AWAY, PARIS WOUNDS DIOMEDES FOOT

Zeus-Isis-Hector, if Aga is wounded, come back to fight (he gets wounded so comes back)

Greeks winning then losing. Machaon injured by Paris who healed Menelaus Bk3, stays with Nestor.

Achilles wants to know who was injured. sends Patroclus, he goes to Nestor's luxurious hut, xenia

P denies, says he must go to Achilles, Nestor gives speech trying to get either Achilled or P to fight- uses father guilt

P is worried for the Greeks, helps Eurypylus who is wounded, gives him herbal ointment- nice

When Patroclus dies 

Goes to A crying- littl girl, 'is your father okay (meneotius) i know Peleus is alive, or is it the greeks? 'P angry that A won't fight- no honour, losing geras= hurt A, A says P can fight, in his armour to earn him honour, too big (Paris) spear heavy, Myrmidons go to fight (swarms) courageous

Achilles prays to Zeus to have Patroclus do well (honour) and be safe; Zeus doesnt bring him home but brings honour.2 divine horses of Achilles; Xanthus

AUTOMEDON CHARIOTEER, TROJANS SCARED OF P, THINK ITS A

Trojan Lycon's death, head cut off but bit of skin as hinge, dangling Hector runs away (first out of twice in this book) coward

P Kills Sarpedon described as vultures, Zeus' son- cannot save him as gods angry (last words to Glaucus to fight for him and not let armour get stripped)- good warrior, only one to stand up against P who becomes too big headed, hubristic.

Glaucus prays to Apollo to heal him as Zeus can't save Sarpedon, do anything Glaucus tells Hector to fight for Sarpedon, he kills Epeigeus with rock at head, Patroclus angry, fighting, throws boulder and kills Sthenelaus, Hectory runs away as Zeus makes him coward

Apollo rescues Sarpedon's body from Greeks so it can be buried= honour

P tries to go up Trojan wall, Apollo pushes him off, Apollo angry, insults him Scaean Gate

Apollo disguises as  ASIUS Trojan to make Hector fight, tells him it is Patroclus, not Achilles

P kills charioteer CEBRIONES

Apollo hits P, disoriented, vulnerable, ARMOUR FALLS OFF, EYES SPIN,

stabbed by EUPHORBUS  in the BACK SPEAR

Hector stabbed in STOMACH WITH SPEAR MOCKS

Patroclus' SPEECH FORESHADOW prophetising HIS DEATH BY Achilles, SAYS HECTOR HAD HELP, NOT TRUE GLORY

Antilochus tells Achilles that PATROCLUS is dead

Slave women cry, Achilles howls, collapses in soot, pours it over his body, clawing at hair, engulfed grief.

Thetis comforts- maternal, Achilles does not want to live, accepts his fate and death, his fault for wanting Patroclus to fight for his honour, prayer to Zeus

Thetis wants to get Achilles new armour before he fights for revenge, Hector has his old armour.

Hera sent Iris w/o telling Zeus, said to Achilles to prepare fir battle, go naked to Trojans to unnerve them, help of Athene making head shine, protective cloak, he cries and Athene cries back, war cry, kills 12

Polydamas wants to retreat and stay within ilium walls, Hector says no, hubristic, different to Book 6, ADDS TO PLOT

Achilles will only hold funeral after he has killed Hector, buried together as he will die soon after. Hera happy as Greeks upper hand.

Achilles now has patroclus body, laments lying all over it. The Greeks clean it with olive oil

Thetis goes to Hephaestus palace, shiny, luxurious, wealthy, Xenia by Charis, morality

He build armour as favour as Thetis saved him being thrown out of Olympus, great craftsmen, makes robotic slaves.

H's SPEECH= GRATITUDE- thrown out by mother for being cripple

THETIS SPEECH PATHOS Achilles soon death-  nursed like  agarden plant, shot up like a sapling. maternal, tells story of prize taken (Briseis) and dead Patroclus, having no armour.

Shield of five layers; town under SIEGE, PLOWing, WEDDING, CATTLE,COURT CASE, [SUN, EARTH, STARS] DANCING AND OCEAN= foretells Achilles return and GLORIFIES HIM

Achilles starving himself because grief, night crying by Ps corpse= destructive to Hector

Thetis armour- Myrmidons shook with fear. 

Thetis preserves Ps body with ambrosia and nectar so it doesn't rot, tells him to end feud.
Achilles ASSEMBLY, everyone turns up, PEACE with Agamemnon, ready to fight, Agamemnon replies but stays seated=disrespect,blames B1 on Zeus daughter Delusion, not apologetic- gifts are given to Achilles mentioned in Book 9- doesnt really care
ODYSSEUS says must eat before fight Agamenon Briseis oath= cut boars throat, Zeus, feast

Briseis sees Ps dead body, laments and cries, first time to talk, P promised Achilles hand in her marriage, only one nice to her, glorifies P, characterisation, pathos, plot

Achilles doesn't eat as grief, bigger than that of a father or sons death Zeus Athene feed him ambrosia and nectar, food of the gods
Arming scene of Achilles motif, slows down the pace, anticipation Automedon charioteer
Achilles talk to horses, wantthem to take better care of him than P
Xanthus horse says cannot HIDE FATE, UNAVOIDABLE; A WILL DIE AT HAND OF GOD AND A MAN (Paris and Apollo) PROPHETISED BY THE HORSE Achilles angry know die early fate

Death of Hector- Trojans take refuge in Ilium walls, Hector stays out HUBRIS. FATE, KLEOS

Apollo mocks A distract lure away Sceaen gate, he runs towards the city angry, Priam sees- like a star in autumn outshining the others, He and Hecabe beg for Hector to come in,

Priam speech; he will die like his other sons and his death= more grief, guilts him, great warrior. His fate by Zeus= horrors sons kill daughters ***** by Greeks. He will be killed by spear= his dogs eat, lap blood

Hecabe speech; maternal, holds out breast, Hector waits like mountain snake waits for man. 

Hector Denies both but thinks about Hecabe, there is no way out of this- him and A will never be friends- cannot negotiate, criticised by Polydamas who said dont fight, killed by Achilles if exposed of armour like a woman.

Zeus wants to save him but cannot as FATE(he sacrificed a lot of oxen to him on Mount Ida), Achilles chases Hector 3 times round Ilium- like a hawk chasing a dove.

Athene says gods unhappy if save Hector, Zeus lets her intervene...

Achilles does not want his men to fire at Hector- glory. Hector wondering why Apollo will not help by giving extra speed. ZEus' golden fate scales, Achilles vs Hector, came down on Hector= death.

Athene tells Achilles to wait and catch breath so she can persuade Hector to fight- he listens. Athene as Deiphobus brother- deceives Hector as false hope- she makes Achilles spear miss Hector to make him feel upper hand- no death

Deal; Hector kills Achilles- no maltreat, glory- Achilles rejects Lions dont agree w men.

Athene spear to Achilles back, Hector throw spear= shield but bounce off, Dei gone= DOOMED

HIT IN THE NECK WITH THE SPEAR- PROPHETISES ACHILLES' DEATH BY PARIS AND APOLLO (Xanthus previously only says by god and man)

Achilles angry, maltreats his body, dragging behind on the chariot (Hector- PH ransom reject)

Priam, Hecabe lament- P plan supplicate Achilles, father son, old. Andromache faints, Astyanax no dad. Eaten by wriggling worms and dogs, no glory.

Patroclus funeral- Achilles not happy yet Myrmidons are weeping- Thetis makes them, tears in the sand and armour, will cut off 12 Trojan boy heads to vent anger.

Funeral feast for P; sheep, goats and ox slaughtered- Hector maltreated. HORSES CHARIOTS RUN FOR LAMENTATION Achilles touches p's body- physical contact= desperation

everybody eats, Achilles sleeps-ghost of Patroclus 'YOU HAVE FORGOTTEN TO BURY ME'

Patroclus wants to be buried with Achilles- have not been apart since he killed Amphidamas in a game and sent to him by Menoetius father.

Before funeral= one last parade, Achilles long strand of hair is cut off and given to P

Big funeral pyre= important= kleos time, more space as not buried alone

OIL, WINE, SHEEP, COWS, 4 HORSES, 2 DOGS given on to pyre burning (12 boys)

Hectors body is restored by Aphrodite and Apollo- like him- ambrosial rose oil (dogs dont eat)

Apollo covers his body with a cloud, darkness= the sun will not wither the body.

Achilles prayed to the god wind Boreas and Zephyr, light pyre, large sacrifice, Iris tells= good

Achilles night mourning-Agamemnon+other leaders collect Ps bones in vase with fat for protection, gravestone not too big as A wants his bigger- HUBRISTIC

Funeral Games- Achilles doesnt take part as he would win- unfair- HUBRISTIC

PRIZES are from bk9 CHARIOT RACE- DIOMEDES, SKILLED WOMEN+TRIPODS, ANTILOCHUS, HORSES, MENELAUS, CAULDRON, MERIONES, 2 TALENTS GOLD, EUMELUS PAN (NESTOR GETS HIS PRIZE, A GIVES EUMELUS ARMOUR, SHOWS RESPECT FOR ELDERLY)

Antilochus dispute Menelaus- agrees to give him his mule- Menelaus is older- m says no-happy

Apollo causes D's whip to fall, Athene angry, crash Eumelus as he was winning due to App

BOXING- EPEIUS BEATS EURYALUS,MULE+CUP WRESTLING- TIE ODYSSEUS AJAX, WOMEN DOMESTIC+COULDRON FOOTRACE- ODYSSEUS, MIXING BOWL, OX, HALf TAL GOLD- HELP OF ATHENElight COMBAT- TIE AJAX DIOMEDESSPear-aga not play as angry loss, given a prize anyway

Achilles lamenting, mutilates Hectors body, Apollo heals, wants the gods to rescue him (Hermes)- Hera, Poseidon and Athene don't want to- quarrel- Hector sacrificed to them- not fair, Achilles=kill Lion- no pity/respect.

Hera- Achilles is demi god. She organised wedding Thetis and Peleus- helped raise Thetis, Apollo also came to the wedding feast- two faced.

Zeus proposes a ransom Priam to Achilles, Iris to Thetis to tell Achilles gods are displeased with him, release body, accept ransom- still glory. He accepts.

Zeus to Iris- tell Priam to go, ransom, without any Trojans apart from older Heralds. Hermes. Priam's son lament courtyard, clothes drenched with tears, daughters and inlaws wailing.

Priam goes, Achilles will be kind. Hecabe says he will show no mercy- Priam ignores.

12 robes, 12 cloaks, 10 tal gold, 2 tripods, 4 couldrons, cup (Thracians mission)- didnt care to part from it (glory) as son. verbal abuse to sons, he lost the best. cowards, wish they dead instead- all best gone- tells them to get waggon ready- terrified. libation Zeus, Hecabe safe return

Asks for prophetic bird, Zeus gives gold eagle, lead way. Everyone happy. Hermes disguise Greek, Priam knows Hermes from gods, tests him, asks about parents.Tells Hectors body is healed from all wounds and stabs from mens spears. Trust safety.

Single pinewood bar, 3 men to move it, only Achilles. Hermes does-tells Priam its him

tells him to clasp Achilles knees, supplicate, invoke father and mother and son

A puts arm around Priam, kind speech, Zeus puts both bad and good fortunes in people's lives
Priam is rude, wants his son back, A threatens his life, Priam scared
Automedon and other wrap up Hectors body, women wash and anoint, A asks Priam to stay the night, doesn't give body yet as Priam could get angry, A kills him
A tells story of Niobe, 12 dead kids, still ate, he should too as starved for 10 days
Priam doesn't plan on staying, will go with Hermes, PRIAM AND ACHILLES AGREE ON 11 DAY TRUCE FOR MOURNING AND FUNERAL- nice person Achilles
They go home and CASSANDRA IS THE FIRST TO SEE THEM, CALLS ALL TROJANS
Andromache laments, foreshadowing the death of her son who will be thrown over the Trojan walls, hanging, HELEN LAMENTS, HECTOR WAS THE ONLY NICE TROJAN AND PRIAM HECTORS PYRE IS BUILT 9 days  AND LIT 10th, LAMENTATIONS, grave FEAST bones purplecloth