Tectonics 2.3

Positive

• Good Soil (Mount Etna)- Higher Yields by five times higher than national average
• Geothermal Energy (Iceland)
• Tourism (Japan)- People go to 'see geysers' 'relax in hot springs' 
• Valuable Raw Materials (Chile)- Copper Mine
• Construction- Repairs

Negative

• Community- death / injury / homelessness
• Community- Loss of employment
• Disease 
• Disruption of social and economic activity
• Government- Pay for all damage

Prediction

• tiltmeters record shifts in the ground as magma rises 
• seisometers relay shockwave data from the tremors
• analysis of gases
• remote sensing (GPS) records changes in the form of a volcano 

Protection

• Lava Spraying- Iceland 1973 prevented harbour being blocked
• Lava Diversion- Etna- cut trench / blow up
• Lahar Dams- Indonesia
• Building Designs- Japan; overhanging roof/ ash resitant tiles/ window and door seals

Prepare

• hazard mapping- naples / vesuvius 
• evacuation plan- sign posts
• Aid (Red Cross)

Montserrat- Successful 

• evacuation plan worked
• only 19 people died
• these people were farmers who refused to leave their crops
• red cross set up temporary schools and provided medical support and food
• 17 million in UK Government Emergency Aid

Predict 

• warnings and hazards

Protect 

• building designs- (Taipei 101 / Birds Nest) and retrofitting

Prepare

• survival kit / ES training
• education / evacuation route
• supplies checklist and aid (save the children)

Japan

• early warning systems and text alerts
• building codes
• factory assembly lines and stopping of transport

Haiti- UNSUCCESSFUL

• 250,000 lives lost. same magnitude as san fran 1989 where only 63 died
• 50% of all buildings collapsed

earthquake proof buildings 

Haiti- 250,000 lives lost 

Christchurch-181 lives lost