Sociology : Education : Functionalism and Marxism
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- Created by: timid_silence19
- Created on: 03-05-19 11:12
Functionalism : Durkheim
- Education reinforces a collective conscience
- Children become social beings who know the right values
- The teaching of History and R.S teaches social solidarity which is a sense of belonging and helps create ideal citizens
- The hidden curriculum teaches everyone the same norms
- Individually examining people teaches them to get individual success.
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Functionalism : Durkheim : Evaluation
- Not everyone has the same norms and values
- A huge weakness is the presence of subcultures in education go against the same norms and values
- If everyone had the same norms and values then we wouldn't have crime
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Functionalism : Three Functions of Education
- 1 is an agent of socialisation, teaching everyone the same norms and values, reproducing ideal citizens
- 2 provides skills and qualifications need for work
- 3 allocating roles - the divison of labour - the role created on your ability which is good for economies and workplace
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Functionalism : Parsons
- There is a bridge between home and work
- At home you have an ascribed status and at work you have an achieved one
- Within the family the child is judged by particularistic characteristics as an individual
- In wider society they are judged by universalistic standards
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Functionalism : Parsons : Evaluation
- A lot of the skills learnt in school don't fit into the workplace
- Some values are negative like learning to be passive - more open to abuse
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Functionalism : Davis and Moore
- Education promotes a meritocracy - everyone is equal and the system is fair
- Differeces in achievement are due to ability and society is openly mobile
- Most talented occupy the most demanding roles
- Inequality encourages you to work harder
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Functionalism : Davis and Moore : Evaluation
- Not valid as girls achieve higher results in education but this is not mirrored in the workplace as they are earning at least 20% less
- Hargreaves argues that education in Britain emphasises individual competition
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Marxism : Althusser
- We learn to accept social inequalities through the hidden curriculum
- Ruling class maintain power by teaching their values through the hidden curriculum
- Education is a system that the government use to teach ruling class ideas - ideological state apparatus
- Prepares you for later exploitation in the workplace and teaches youto accept the system.
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Marxism : Althusser : Evaluation
- Not in the interest of tecahers/schools to encourage or let the working class fail as they get performance related pay
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Marxism : Bowles and Gintis
- Education is about transmitting skill and 'good working attitudes'
- Capitalism requires a passive and docile work force that will accept low pay
- Students learn to submit to authority, be punctual and tolerate boredom
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Marxism : Bowles and Gintis : Evaluation
- It is deterministic and assumes that everyone is docile and passive, which evidenced by Willis would suggest is wrong
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Marxism : Paul Willis
- Identifies 2 subcultures - anti-school (LADS) where norms and values reject education. Earoles (pro-school). The lads adopted traditional masculine values, they knew they were going to fail so resisted education
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Marxism : Paul Willis : Evaluation
- Can't explain why cultures are still there when the jobs aren't
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Marxism : Bourdieu
- Shows how the working class internalise their chances of success.
- Attitudes and values of the middle class mirrors education and the middle class have a cultural advantage - CULTURAL CAPITAL
- The working class are subject to SYMBOLIC VIOLENCE
- HABITUS - the internalisation of success, works against the working class and for the middle class.
- The function of education is to keep class inequality and failure is their fault
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Marxism : Bourdieu : Evaluation
- Can't explain why some working class groups achieve in education while others don't.
- No discussion of working class women and ethnic groups
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