Short and Long Parliaments and Leadership of Pym (1640-41)

• Finance was lacking, CI turned to Wentworth for advice, told to call P. 
• Numerous petitions against various aspects of personal rule, led by MP John Pym, were presented to CI. 
• Could've made concessions but instead demanded money before he would hear their demands. 
• CI compelled to dissolve after only 3 weeks. 

Scots easily defeated CI at Battle of Newburn. Treaty of Ripon signed, terms stated CI had to pay Scots £850 per day while they occupied Newcastle. LP called, assembled in  1640 and not formally dissolved until 1660. 

Pym's Junto: 

Group that organised the opposition stratergy to the King. Pym spent much of the 30s meticulously recording CI's transgressions. However in the first meeting of the LP there was no talk of abolishing monarchy just removing 'evil councillors' held resonsbile for CI's actions. Shortly after Prynne and Burton were released and 10,000 celebrated in London. 

 Root and Branch Petition: 

40, commons received the petition signed by 15,000 Londoners, listed religious grivenaces relating the treatment of the clergy, asked for the abolition of bishops. 

Attacks on CI's advisers:

• Key advisers Windebank and Finch fled to the Continent in 40. 
• Majority of judges in prerogative courts in te 30s impeached. 
• Laud arrested and held in the Tower of London in 40, executed in 45. 
• Strafford (Wentworth) arrested and charged with high treason. 

Future Security of Parliaments: 

• Triennal Act in 41 obliged CI to call P at least once every three years. P would meet anyway if he ddn't. 
• Act Against Forcible Dissolution assed in 41 under pressure from the London mob. However it did not apply to future Ps.