Science

When an object is moved by a force, we say work is done on the object by the force. The force therefore transfers energy to the object.

work done = force applied x distance moved in the direction of the force

      (J)                  (N)                                           (M)

It is equal to the force per unit extension needed to extend the spring, assuming it's limit of proportionality is not reached. The stiffer a spring is, the greater it's spring constant is.

force applied = spring constant x extension

       (N)                     (N/M)                (M)

The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, provided it's limit of proportionality is NOT exceeded.

the extension of the ***** of material at any stage = it's length at the stage - it's original length

An elastic object regains its original shape when the forces deforming it are removed.

• Tiredness, alcohol and drugs
• The speed that the vehicle is travelling
• Adverse road conditions
• Poorly maintained vehicles

speed x reaction time

F (N)

M (kg)             A (m/s²)

thinking distance + braking distance

The distance travelled by the vehicle during the time the braking force acts.

The distance travelled by the vehicle during the time the braking force acts.

acceleration (m/s²) = change in velocity (m/s) / time taken for change (s)

10N/kg

weight = mass x gravitational field strength

   (N)        (kg)                   (N/kg)

The maximum speed we can reach when falling. This is where the force acting downwards equals the force acting upwards.

A single force that has the same effect as all the forces acting on an object.

The speed of that objcet in a particular direction.

speed = distance / time