Uses of energy in the body of humans: muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, growth and the maintenance of a constant body temperature
Aerobic respiration: the chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy. Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water; C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ ⟶ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
Anaerobic respiration: the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen. Lactic acid builds up in muscles and blood during vigorous exercise causing an oxygen debt: glucose ⟶ lactic acid. Yeast also respire anaerobically: glucose ⟶ alcohol + carbon dioxide.
Flour is mixed with water and yeast to make dough. Amylase breaks down some of the starch in dough into maltose and glucose. Bubbles of CO₂ get trapped in the dough. Gluten makes the dough starchy, so the bubbles make dough rise.
Anaerobic respiration releases much less energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration
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