Extraneous variables turn into confuding variables: other variables in the expierment that could influence the result besides the independent and dependent. you can control these variables and they become controlled variables.
extraneous variables: particpant variables, situational variables, and experimenter variables.
operationalising variables: identify the variables, and state how i will manipluate and measure them.
Matched Pairs design - advantage - group differences/particpant variables are controlled. disadvantages - matching can be diffcult, might miss variables, it is also time consuming.
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